著者

東 潮

出版者

国立歴史民俗博物館

雑誌

国立歴史民俗博物館研究報告 (ISSN:02867400)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.110, pp.31-54, 2004-02

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『三国志』魏書東夷伝弁辰条の「国出鉄韓濊倭皆従取之諸市買皆用鉄如中国用銭又以供給二郡」,同倭人条の「南北市糴」の記事について,対馬・壱岐の倭人は,コメを売買し,鉄を市(取)っていたと解釈した。斧状鉄板や鉄鋌は鉄素材で,5世紀末に列島内で鉄生産がはじまるまで,倭はそれらの鉄素材を弁韓や加耶から国際的な交易によってえていた。鉄鋌および鋳造斧形品の型式学的編年と分布論から,それらは洛東江流域の加耶諸国や栄山江流域の慕韓から流入したものであった。5世紀末ごろ倭に移転されたとみられる製鉄技術は,慶尚北道慶州隍城洞や忠清北道鎮川石帳里製鉄遺跡の発掘によってあきらかとなった。その関連で,大阪府大県遺跡の年代,フイゴ羽口の形態,鉄滓の出土量などを再検討すべきことを提唱した。鋳造斧形品は農具(鍬・耒)で,形態の比較から,列島内のものは洛東江下流域から供給されたと推定した。倭と加耶の間において,鉄(鉄鋌)は交易という経済的な関係によって流通した。広開土王碑文などの検討もふまえ,加耶と倭をめぐる歴史環境のなかで,支配,侵略,戦争といった政治的交通関係はなかった。鉄をめぐる掠奪史観というべき論を批判した。Records describing activities in Pyonjin and the people of Wa contained in the Chinese History of the Three Kingdoms have been interpreted as meaning that the people of Wa living on Tsushima and Iki traded rice and acquired iron. These iron materials were iron plates shaped like adzes and iron ingods, and were obtained through international trading between Wa and Pyonjin and Kaya until the end of the 5th century when iron production began in the Japanese Archipelago. The dating of these iron materials and cast adzes and opinions as to their distribution have determined that they came to Wa from various Kaya states in the Nakdonggang River valley and Bokan (慕韓) in the Yeongsan-gang River valley. It is conceivable that the iron manufacturing techniques that were introduced to Wa were the same as those confirmed by the Gyeongju Fangseong-dong and the Jincheon-gun Sokjiang (石帳里) remains. It is in this connection that there have been calls for a re-investigation of the age of the style of twyer used in bellows, the amount of iron slag excavated, and materials from the Oagata remains in present-day Osaka Prefecture. The cast iron implements shaped like adzes are agricultural implements (scythe, hoe) , and a comparison of their forms has prompted the conjecture that those found in the Japanese Archipelago were supplied from the Nakdong-gang River valley. The distribution of iron, especially iron materials between Kaya and Wa, occurred as part of an economic relationship that involved trade. A study of other sources of information such as inscriptions at the monument to King Koukaidoou also show that the historical environment in which Kaya and Wa were in contact with each other was not a political relationship involving control, invasion and war. Instead, this paper criticizes the theory that takes the view that this relationship was one of pillage and plunder.