著者

根占 献一

出版者

19世紀学学会

雑誌

19世紀学研究 (ISSN:18827578)

巻号頁・発行日

no.8, pp.59-73, 2014-03

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Availing myself of the opportunity of my lecture, I explained the origins and development of the idea of Renaissance and Humanism, principally in Italy and Germany of the 19th and 20th centuries. Semper and Burckhardt wrote the important books about the style and culture of the Renaissance. In those times Italy was seeking for the unity of country called the Risorgimento. Besides these scholars, Reumont, Gregorovius and Temple Leader of the same 19th century individually wrote many books about the history of Rome, the story of the Medici, and Englishmen active in Renaissance Italy. Interestingly enough, The Risorgimento had the same meaning as the Renaissance. Therefore Bettinelli published Del Risorgimento d' Italia negli studi, nelle arti e nei costumi dopo il Mille in 1775. The use of the term Risorgimento continued until the second half of the 19th century. About the middle of this century Voigt published Die Wiederbelebung des classischen Alterthums oder das erste Jahrhundert des Humanismus, very important study, that would be translated Il Risorgimento dell'Antichità classica ovvero il primo secolo dell'Umanesimo in Italian. And now the age of the Risorgimento, that is to say, the Renaissance signified the times of Humanismus (humanism, humanisme, umanesimo). Half years ago before this publication Niethammer de facto coined the term of Humanism related to the classical languages of Greek and Latin. But the Renaissance gave birth to the term of humanist, the teacher of these languages. The term of the Humanism had never existed in the Renaissance when there had been instead the term of studia humanitatis (humanities). In Germany the concept of Humanism was not a little complicated according to its ages. Especially there were two kinds of it in the 20th century, the third (der dritte) Humanismus after both the (first) Renaissance Humanism and the (second) Neuhumanismus at the times of Niethammer, and the Bürgerhumanismus. The latter is more important than the former, because, using the Bürgerhumanismus, Civic Humanism in English, Baron, American historian born in Berlin, emphasized the publican liberty of Florentine citizens against the tyranny of Milan, and gave the great contribution to the political and social interpretation, not cultural, of the Florentine Renaissance in the early years of the 15th century, the Quattrocento.