著者

日下部 文夫

出版者

日本言語学会

雑誌

言語研究

巻号頁・発行日

vol.1968, no.53, pp.40-68, 1968

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The standard to classify the particles or postpositions in the Modern Japanese is led to the scheme for the verbal conjugation.<BR>The conjugation has two divisions of mood and two divisions of aspect. Two of mood are indicatives (<I>yomu, yonda</I>, etc.) and optatives (<I>yom&ocirc;, yondar&ocirc;</I>, etc.); each division has five subclasses: indefinitive, definitive, copulative, predicative, and attributive (or infinitive). Two of aspect are imperfects (<I>yomu, yom&ocirc;</I>, etc.) and perfects (<I>yonda, yondar&ocirc;</I>, etc.); each division has three subclasses: introversive, extroversive, and retroversive.<BR>Now about the imperfect-indicatives, there are eleven forms: namely three indefinitives (extroversive &ldquo;<I>yomi</I>, &rdquo; introversive &ldquo;<I>yomuni</I>, &rdquo; and retroversive &ldquo;<I>yomu to</I>, &rdquo;), three definitives (extroversive &ldquo;<I>yomi</I>, &rdquo; introversive &ldquo;<I>yomu nari</I>, &rdquo; and retroversive &ldquo;<I>yomu to or yomusi</I>, &rdquo;), three copulatives (extroversive &ldquo;<I>yomeba</I>, &rdquo; introversive &ldquo;<I>yomu nara</I>, &rdquo; and retroversive &ldquo;<I>yomu tara</I>, &rdquo;), one predicative (&ldquo;<I>yomu</I>.&rdquo;), and one attributive or infinitive (&ldquo;<I>yomu</I>&rdquo;).<BR>And then, in the scheme for the conjugation of the imperfect-indicatives, the basic particles (postpositions) may be put as follow: indefinite-introversive &ldquo;<I>e</I> (illative), &rdquo; indefinite-extroversive &ldquo;<I>yori</I> (comparative), &rdquo; indefinite-retroversive &ldquo;<I>o</I> (accusative), &rdquo; definite-introversive &ldquo;<I>made</I> (allative), &rdquo; definite-extroversive &ldquo;<I>kara</I> (ablative), &rdquo; definite-retroversive &ldquo;<I>dake</I> (restrictive), &rdquo; copulate-introversive &ldquo;<I>mo</I> (additive), &rdquo; copulate-extroversive &ldquo;<I>wa</I> (topical or themative), &rdquo; copulateretroversive &ldquo;<I>ga</I> (subjective), &rdquo; predicative (-extroversive)&ldquo;<I>sa</I> (designative), &rdquo; and attributive or infinitive &ldquo;<I>no</I> (genitive)&rdquo;.<BR>Additionally socalled postpositions &ldquo;<I>ni</I> (dative), &rdquo;&ldquo;<I>de</I> (instrumentative), &rdquo; and &ldquo;<I>to</I> (commitative)&rdquo; should be classify as the three indefinite forms of the copulative auxiliary verb &ldquo;<I>da</I>.&rdquo;