- 著者
-
佐藤 次郎
- 出版者
- 農業食料工学会
- 雑誌
- 農業機械学会誌 (ISSN:02852543)
- 巻号頁・発行日
- vol.34, no.4, pp.385-391, 1973
With the progress of power farming, the number of farmer's blacksmithies has been decreased every year, as their main jobs ars to produce and repair Japanese-hoes. But I believe that their traditional technique is unique and excelent, and worth transmiting.<br>Following is the representative process and technique of producing Japanese-hoes by farmer's blacksmithies in Fukushima prefecture.<br>1) SS4IP, soft steel is used most often as the base steel of the hoes. Tamahagane (steel made from iron sand), Nabehagane (pan-bottom substitute for steel) and Zenihagane (coin substitute for steel) are used as the substitute for hard steel, and Nabehagane is used most often among them. Nabehagane and Zenihagane, so called by farmer's blacksmithies, are both old cast irons.<br>2) Pine-charcoal or Chestnut-charcoal are always used in forging, as the temperature of heating rises rapidly with them. Most tools for forging are self-makes by farmer's blacksmithies.<br>3) Ordinarily, Japanese-hoes are made through five steps, that is, preparing, cutting, forging, quenching, and finishing, and the process consists of eighteen unit operations. The main operations of them are marking-off, chiseling, drowing down, teyori (twisting), tewari (cutting), forge welding, and quenching. The operation of forge welding consists of crushing Zenihagane of Nabehagane into small pieces, placing them on the base steel, and melting them by heating over 1100°C. After then the welded steel is forged ten to twelve times. Quenching is the operation of heating the hoe up to 850°C and putting it into water of 30°C. Forge welding and heat treatment are the most delicate techniques in making hoes.