著者

清水 謙

出版者

JAPAN ASSOCIATION OF INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS

雑誌

国際政治 (ISSN:04542215)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.2013, no.172, pp.172_87-172_99, 2013

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The impact of 9/11 was strong enough to change the Swedish security doctrine of neutrality that had existed since the Cold War. The Swedish Prime Minister Göran Persson and Foreign Minister Anna Lindh stated that the security policy of 1992, that is "Military non-alliance making it possible to remain neutral in the event of conflicts in the vicinity", had served well. This means that Sweden has practically abandoned its neutrality, confronting international terrorism.<br>Swedish society, generally known as 'an open society', has many internal "security holes" and the terrorist incident in central Stockholm on December 11th 2010 exposed such kind of vulnerability. That incident was "home-grown" and the generous migration policy was challenged again.<br>This article investigates 'the securitization of migration' in Sweden using the analytical framework of 'securitization' the Copenhagen School provided. The Copenhagen School insists that 'speech act' by securitizing actor(s) and 'acceptance of the audience' are required in the process of securitization and that 'extraordinary measures' beyond the state's standard political procedure will be legitimated. The first two steps mentioned above are well discussed in Sweden in earlier research (<i>e.g. </i>by Abiri), while the third one is still controversial. Therefore, my aim in this article is to present a crucial example of an extraordinary measure.<br>Indeed, the securitization of migration started to occur already in the 1990s or earlier, but a conclusive extraordinary measure was not implemented until December 2001, namely the case of repatriation of two Egyptians (<i>Egyptenavvisningarna</i>). In 2005 the Parliamentary Ombudsmen (<i>Justitieombudsmännen</i>) and the Committee on the Constitution (<i>Konstitutionsutskottet</i>) investigated this deviant case and declared that the governmental action was too optimistic and that the method of the repatriation was inappropriate. The repatriation itself has been treated as an accomplished fact in the Parliament even though the decision was adopted in irregular procedure. Therefore, this result leads us to the conclusion that the process of the securitization of migration has been fulfilled.<br>The Securitization of migration in Sweden is still idling and there are no signs of 'desecuritization' after the terrorist incident in Stockholm. Furthermore, the sequential terrorist attacks in Norway in July 2011 are thought-provoking and indicate that the Nordic societies have to cope with migrational issues.