著者

山本 志乃

出版者

国立歴史民俗博物館

雑誌

国立歴史民俗博物館研究報告 (ISSN:02867400)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.167, pp.127-142, 2012-01

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漁村から町場や農村への魚行商は、交易の原初的形態のひとつとして調査研究の対象となってきた。しかし、それらの先行研究は、近代的な交通機関発達以前の徒歩や牛馬による移動が中心であり、第二次世界大戦後に全国的に一般化した鉄道利用の魚行商については、これまでほとんど報告されていない。本論文では、現在ほぼ唯一残された鉄道による集団的な魚行商の事例として、伊勢志摩地方における魚行商に注目し、関係者への聞き取りからその具体像と変遷を明らかにすると同時に、行商が果たしてきた役割について考察を試みた。三重県の伊勢志摩地方では、一九五〇年代後半から近畿日本鉄道(以下、近鉄)を利用した大阪方面への魚行商が行われるようになった。行商が盛んになるに従って、一般乗客との間で問題が生じるようになり、一九六三年に伊勢志摩魚行商組合連合会を結成、会員専用の鮮魚列車の運行が開始される。会員は、伊勢湾沿岸の漁村に居住し、最盛期には三〇〇人を数えるほどであった。会員の大半を占めるのは、松阪市猟師町周辺に居住する行商人である。この地域は、古くから漁業従事者が集住し、戦前から徒歩や自転車による近隣への魚行商が行われていた。戦後、近鉄を使って奈良方面へアサリやシオサバなどを売りに行き始め、次第にカレイやボラなどの鮮魚も持参して大阪へと足を伸ばすようになった。それに伴い、竹製の籠からブリキ製のカンへと使用道具も変化した。また、この地区の会員の多くは、大阪市内に露店から始めた店舗を構え、「伊勢屋」を名乗っている。瀬戸内海の高級魚を中心とした魚食文化の伝統をもつ大阪の中で、「伊勢」という新たなブランドと、当時まだ一般的でなかった産地直送を看板に、顧客の確保に成功した。そして、より庶民的な商店街を活動の場としたことにより、大阪の魚食文化に大衆化という裾野を広げる役割をも果たしたのではないかと考えられる。Fish peddling from fishing villages to towns or farming villages, as a primitive trade form, has been the subject of studies. Previous studies, however, were mainly conducted on fish peddling on foot or by cattle and horse before the development of modern transportation, and there have been few reports about fish peddling by railway, which became prevalent over the country after World War II. In this paper, focusing attention on fish peddling in the Ise-Shima region as an example of the only one remaining collective fish peddling by railway, a concrete image of it and changes are clarified from interviews with the persons concerned, and the role that the peddling played is considered.In the Ise-Shima region in Mie Prefecture, fish peddling to the Osaka area using trains operated by Kintetsu Corporation (hereinafter referred to as Kintetsu) started in the latter half of the 1950s. As peddling became more active, problems between peddlers and general passengers increased. In 1963, the Ise-Shima Fish Peddling Association was formed, and fresh fish trains only for its members started operation. The members resided in fishing villages on the coast of Ise Bay, and the number of members exceeded 300 in its peak period.Most of the members were peddlers who resided around the Ryoushi-cho in Matsuzaka City. From long ago, this region has been home to many people engaged in the fishing industry, and from the prewar period, fish peddling to neighboring areas on foot or by bicycle was conducted. After the war, they began selling Japanese littleneck shell and salt mackerel to the Nara area by Kintetsu and gradually expanded the peddling to the Osaka area, carrying fresh fish such as righteye flounder and mullet. Along with the expansion, the tools they used changed from bamboo cages to tin cans. Many of the members in this region, who started trading at roadside stands, had their own shops called "Iseya" in Osaka City. In Osaka with its tradition of fish culture of mainly quality fish from the Seto Inland Sea, the new brand "Ise" and the direct-from-the-farm style, which was not common at that time, attracted people and led to the successful acquisition of customers. It is considered that by using shopping streets that were more familiar among ordinary people as their places of activities, it played the role of expanding the lower end of fish food culture in Osaka among the public.