著者

神吉 和夫 神田 徹 中山 卓

出版者

Japan Society of Civil Engineers

雑誌

土木史研究 (ISSN:09167293)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.15, pp.97-104, 1995-06-09 (Released:2010-06-15)

参考文献数

29

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Ditches are constructed at both sides of a street at the ancient capital cities in Japan. As the streets are laid out in a grid pattern, the ancient cities have the network of drainage by ditches. In this paper, the network of drainage in Nagaokakyo and Heiankyo is discussed. The dimensions and the connection of ditches are made clear using historical literature and the archaorogical excavation data. Considering the topography, the flow of drainage are examined. The character of ditches and the plan of storm water drainage between Nagaotakyo and Heiankyo is different from each other.

著者

中山 卓郎 石田 健一郎

出版者

日本原生生物学会

雑誌

原生動物学雑誌 (ISSN:03883752)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.41, no.1, pp.27-31, 2008

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<p>It is widely believed that all known plastids originated from a single primary endosymbiosis in which a cyanobacterium was engulfed and retained by a heterotrophic protist. However, there is an interesting organism called <i>Paulinella chromatophora</i> that may change this widely accepted view.</p><p><i>P. chromatophora</i>, a cercozoan protist, is a fresh water testate amoeba that contains two cyanobacterium-like structures called "cyanelles" in the cell. Past researches have failed to cultivate the cyanelles separately from the host cells and demonstrated that the cyanelles divided within the host cells and were handed over to daughter cells. In recent studies, it has been revealed that the cyanelle of <i>P. chromatophora</i> does not share a common ancestor with known plastids but originated from a cyanobacterium that belongs to the <i>Synechococcus/Prochlorococcus</i> lineage.</p><p>These situation led the idea that <i>P. chromatophora</i> represent the second example of the primary endosymbiosis that is in progress. Further study on the symbiotic relationship between the cyanelles and the host seen in this organism would provide important insight for the mechanism of primary plastid acquisition.</p>

著者

中山 卓郎 石田 健一郎

出版者

日本原生生物学会

雑誌

原生動物学雑誌 (ISSN:03883752)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.41, no.1, pp.27-31, 2008 (Released:2017-09-09)

参考文献数

21

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It is widely believed that all known plastids originated from a single primary endosymbiosis in which a cyanobacterium was engulfed and retained by a heterotrophic protist. However, there is an interesting organism called Paulinella chromatophora that may change this widely accepted view.P. chromatophora, a cercozoan protist, is a fresh water testate amoeba that contains two cyanobacterium-like structures called “cyanelles” in the cell. Past researches have failed to cultivate the cyanelles separately from the host cells and demonstrated that the cyanelles divided within the host cells and were handed over to daughter cells. In recent studies, it has been revealed that the cyanelle of P. chromatophora does not share a common ancestor with known plastids but originated from a cyanobacterium that belongs to the Synechococcus/Prochlorococcus lineage.These situation led the idea that P. chromatophora represent the second example of the primary endosymbiosis that is in progress. Further study on the symbiotic relationship between the cyanelles and the host seen in this organism would provide important insight for the mechanism of primary plastid acquisition.

著者

中山 卓弥 真壁 朝敏 藤川 正毅 新川 和夫

出版者

一般社団法人 日本高圧力技術協会

雑誌

圧力技術 (ISSN:03870154)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.54, no.2, pp.50-59, 2016

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The fatigue limit and crack growth behavior of slit specimens of epoxy base carbon composites were investigated. The fatigue limit was defined by maximum stress amplitude that the specimen endured 106 times stress repeating. Also, that was calculated by net stress at ligament. Carbon fiber directions were parallel and perpendicular to the load axis. The highest value of fatigue limit was obtained when all fiber directions were parallel to the load axis. However, crack grew along the fiber direction or load axis in the case of long slit. In the cases of two carbon directions that is, parallel and perpendicular to the load axis, the fatigue limits were evaluated from the result of the specimen that all carbon directions were parallel to the load axis. When measured value of fatigue limit was higher than the evaluated value, it was expected that the strain constraint occurred due to resistance of fiber in perpendicular to the load axis. When the measured value was lower, the peeling of fiber from epoxy was expected to be occurred. According to those results, it was expected that fatigue limit of smooth specimen of carbon composites with long fiber can be evaluated from the results of slit specimens

著者

中山 卓弥 真壁 朝敏 藤川 正毅 新川 和夫

出版者

一般社団法人 日本高圧力技術協会

雑誌

圧力技術 (ISSN:03870154)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.54, no.2, pp.50-59, 2016-03-25 (Released:2016-04-29)

参考文献数

7

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The fatigue limit and crack growth behavior of slit specimens of epoxy base carbon composites were investigated. The fatigue limit was defined by maximum stress amplitude that the specimen endured 106 times stress repeating. Also, that was calculated by net stress at ligament. Carbon fiber directions were parallel and perpendicular to the load axis. The highest value of fatigue limit was obtained when all fiber directions were parallel to the load axis. However, crack grew along the fiber direction or load axis in the case of long slit. In the cases of two carbon directions that is, parallel and perpendicular to the load axis, the fatigue limits were evaluated from the result of the specimen that all carbon directions were parallel to the load axis. When measured value of fatigue limit was higher than the evaluated value, it was expected that the strain constraint occurred due to resistance of fiber in perpendicular to the load axis. When the measured value was lower, the peeling of fiber from epoxy was expected to be occurred. According to those results, it was expected that fatigue limit of smooth specimen of carbon composites with long fiber can be evaluated from the results of slit specimens