著者

中村 慎之介

出版者

東洋文庫

雑誌

東洋学報 = Toyo Gakuho (ISSN:03869067)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.104, no.3, pp.37-66, 2022-12-16

---

Goryeo was a country that existed on what is now known as the Korean Peninsula for 475 years, from 918 to 1392. For the sake of the prosperity and stability of the ruling dynasty, Goryeo focused on the establishment of close relationships with the Buddhist community, which provided assistance to the lay regime. The Buddhist community flourished under the royal patronage. The state preceptor (Kor. guksa) was the highest-ranking Buddhist monk in Goryeo, who was honored to be a teacher of the Goryeo king. The Goryeo Dynasty granted various privileges not only to the Buddhist monk who was appointed as guksa, but also to his disciples. Therefore, disciples lobbied for the nomination of their masters for the position of guksa. On the contrary, the dynasty was able to control the Buddhist community by bestowing favor upon it. This paper focuses on the practice of the complementary relationship between the Goryeo Dynasty and the Buddhist community: a royal family member who did not succeed to the throne become an ordained Buddhist monk of the Huayan 華嚴 sect, and after his death, he was immediately posthumously appointed to the position of guksa, the highest honorary position in the Goryeo Buddhist community. This practice was confirmed only in the eleventh–thirteenth centuries. This study traces, in as much detail as possible, the political process from Daegakguksa 大覺國師 Uicheon’s 義天 ordination (1065) to the conferral of the guksa upon Jing’eom 澄儼 (1141) over a period of about eighty years and thus approaches the aspect of the complementary relationship between the Goryeo Dynasty and Buddhist community. The results of the study revealed the following two points. (1) The disciples of Uicheon sought to inherit political influence based upon the blood relationship between Uicheon and the king. They also sought the additional conferral of the guksa, which entailed concessions. (2) Injong 仁宗 (r. 1122–1146), who was forced to establish a new relationship with the Buddhist community because of the rebellions of Lee Jagyeom 李資謙 and Myocheong 妙淸, made Buddhist monks from the royal family to join Huayan, Zen 禪, and Weishi (or Faxiang 法相) sects, aiming to use them as intermediaries in the establishment of a dominant structure in the Buddhist community. In other words, this practice was established because of the coincidence of interests between Injong and the disciples of Uicheon.