著者

伊東 順真

出版者

北海道大学大学院教育学研究院

雑誌

北海道大学大学院教育学研究院紀要 (ISSN:18821669)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.142, pp.85-107, 2023-06-26

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This paper focuses on Akai Yonekichi (1887-1974), Shigaki Hiroshi (1889-1965), and Nomura Yoshibe (1896-1986), educational theorists who were active in Kyouiku-no-seikisya, and examines their discourses of life. While previous studies have accumulated a certain amount of research on the Taisho period, little has been known about the early Showa period. In this paper, we focus on the "life" philosophy of Akai, Shigaki, and Nomura, questioning its origin and examining their thoughts from the Taisho to the early Showa periods. The analysis revealed that Akai, Shigaki, and Nomura were inspired by R. W. Emerson, H. Bergson, and Shinran, respectively, to construct their own "life" ideology and preach an individualistic and liberal theory of education in the Taisho period. In their view, "life" was a symbol of educational ideals and signified anti-modern, anti-Western civilization. However, their concept of "life" changed in the early Showa period with the experience of the crisis of the Depression around 1930. In their view, "life" was transformed into something that manifested itself in the real world as a "Life-state" centering on the emperor. Their theory of Life-state was a theory of the nation that rejected the principles of the modern nation-state, such as the rule of law and parliamentarism, and regarded totalitarianism as the principle of Japan. Thus, their educational theory became nationalistic and totalitarian, supporting and inspiring the construction of a Life-state. When "life," which should be respected, becomes identified with the nation state, Life-state regards individual life as a "cell" and exerts its power of life and death.

著者

伊東 順真

出版者

一般社団法人 日本教育学会

雑誌

教育学研究 (ISSN:03873161)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.88, no.3, pp.394-405, 2021-09-30 (Released:2021-12-04)

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本稿は大正新教育の旗手として活躍後、1932年頃を境に全体主義者へと変節した下中弥三郎の生命言説を検討したものである。下中は大正デモクラシー期から昭和ファシズム期にかけて一貫して「生命」という言葉を多用し、生命主義者さえを自認していたが、このことはあまり知られていない。子どもの生命を教育の根幹に据えていた下中が国家的生命の扶翼と拡大を唱えるに至った歴史的契機を明らかにし、その生命主義教育論の陥穽について論じる。