著者

佐々木 啓明

出版者

経済理論学会

雑誌

季刊経済理論 (ISSN:18825184)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.53, no.1, pp.16, 2016 (Released:2018-04-09)

著者

石川 仁 佐々木 啓明 中神 克尚 堀口 淳 浅海 秀一郎 宮本 幸男

出版者

一般社団法人日本消化器外科学会

雑誌

日本消化器外科学会雑誌 (ISSN:03869768)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.23, no.7, pp.1932-1936, 1990-07-01

被引用文献数

7

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腸管嚢胞様気腫はまれな疾患であるが,腹腔内遊離ガス像を呈し緊急手術の対象となることがある.われわれは上部消化管穿孔の診断にて開腹し,空腸の腸管嚢胞様気腫であった1例を経験したので報告する.症例は35歳,男性.主訴は腹部膨満.平成元年6月初めより腹部膨満が増強し,6月19日当科受診し,腹部膨満と腹部X線上腹腔内遊離ガス像を認め,消化管穿孔の診断で手術となった.手術時,腹腔内遊離ガスと腹水を認めたが,消化管穿孔部はなく,Treitz靭帯から約50cmの空腸に,10cmの長さにわたり腸管壁の浮腫と肥厚を,またその領域の腸間膜の漿膜下にも多数の小空胞を認めたため,腸管嚢胞様気腫の診断で空腸部分切除を施行した.摘出標本は,粘膜面に直径約5mmの赤い,軟らかい隆起を多数認め,病理組織学的には,空腸粘膜面は正常で,粘膜下に多核巨細胞などの肉芽組織に囲まれた大きさの異なる多数の嚢胞が認められ,原発性腸管嚢胞様気腫と考えた.

著者

佐々木 啓明

出版者

経済理論学会

雑誌

季刊経済理論 (ISSN:18825184)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.47, no.4, pp.19-29, 2011-01-20

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This paper explains short-run, medium-run, and long-run analysis by using a Kaleckian model of growth, distribution, and employment. The three runs are classified depending on what variables are adjusted in the run in question. Many studies do not deal with the three runs consistently, and as such, the main purpose of the paper is to expound the interrelations among three runs in the Kaleckian model. In the short run, the rate of capacity utilization (and the profit share in some cases) becomes an endogenous variable, in the medium run, the rate of employment becomes an endogenous variable, and in the long run, the normal rate of capacity utilization and the expected rate of capital accumulation are endogenous variables. The paper shows that not only in the shortrun equilibrium but also in the medium-run and long-run equilibria, we obtain typical Kaleckian results such as the paradox of thrift, the stagnationist regime, and the wage-led growth regime: the paradox of thrift means that an increase in capitalists' propensity to save lowers the rate of capital accumulation; the stagnationist regime means that an increase in the profit share lowers the rate of capacity utilization; and the wage-led growth regime means that an increase in the profit share lowers the rate of capital accumulation. Moreover, the paper shows that in the long run, different initial values of the endogenous variables produce different long-run equilibrium values. Therefore, the long-run equilibrium exhibits pathdependency.

著者

佐々木 啓明

出版者

経済理論学会

雑誌

季刊経済理論 (ISSN:18825184)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.46, no.3, pp.61-71, 2009-10-20 (Released:2017-04-25)

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This paper presents a Kaleckian model of growth in which income distribution and technological progress are endogenously determined through class conflict between workers and capitalists. Using the model, we analyze the short-run and the long-run equilibrium. In the analysis we consider two kinds of effects caused by a rise in the employment rate. First, a rise in the employment rate exerts an upward pressure on wages (i.e., a reserve army effect). Second, a rise in the employment leads capitalists to adopt labor saving technology in order to intentionally create reserve armies of labor (i.e., a reserve army creation effect). These two effects are based on the idea of Karl Marx. The stability of the long-run equilibrium depends on the reserve army effect, the reserve army creation effect, and the relative bargaining power between workers and capitalists. In addition, the stability and results of comparative statics analysis depend on which regime is realized in the short-run equilibrium. If the short-run equilibrium is the wage-led growth and stagnationist regime, the long-run equilibrium is likely to be unstable with the strong reserve army effects, the weak reserve army creation effect, and the weak bargaining power of capitalists. These factors, on the other hand, lead the long-run equilibrium to be stable if the short-run equilibrium is the profitled growth and exhilarationist regime. If the short-run equilibrium is the profit-led growth and stagnationist regime, the long-run equilibrium is stable irrespective of the size of such effects. We investigate the relationship between bargaining power and unemployment in the long run. In the wage-led growth regime an increase in the bargaining power of workers lowers the unemployment rate while in the profit-led growth regime a decrease in the bargaining power of workers lowers the unemployment rate. In this way the relationship between bargaining power and unemployment depends on the regime which realizes in the goods market.