著者

ジャネット・アバテ著 大森義行 吉田晴代訳

出版者

北海道大学図書刊行会

巻号頁・発行日

2002

著者

吉田 晴代

出版者

日本科学史学会

雑誌

科学史研究 (ISSN:21887535)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.28, no.170, pp.89-98, 1989 (Released:2021-09-01)

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The three physicists, Count Rumford, Biot and Fourier, almost simultaneously made experimental researches on heat conduction in solid This comparative study of their researches sheds light on the significance of Fourier's. Fourier's theoretical originality is that he first paid attention to heat diffusion in solid and soon comprehended its law by the notion, "mode elementaire" based on Fourier's series. Although Fourier confirmed the law later by the experiment on annulus, his early research had been so mathematical, that he had not been able to grasp its physical aspects sufficientlly. Rumford's and Biot's works must have prompted Fourier not only to pay attention to steady thermal state in bar, but also to set with experimental researches. Although Fourier may have owed his theoretical success to Biot, it is Fourier that thought out hydrodynamical approach to thermal phenomena prior to the accomplishment of the mechanics of continuum and completed the concept of temperature gradient and the differential equation of heat conduction. Noticeable as well is that all these theoretical achievements based on the results of his fine experiments, conducted with both technical skill and refined methodology, which were much superior to those of Rumford and Biot. Also in relation to the partial validity of Newton's cooling law, he had a clear insight into the interaction between "Experiment and Theory". Therefore I concluded that Fourier was a better experimentalist in his time, compared with Rumford and Biot, in other words it is not proper to consider Fourier's study of heat conduction only as a mathematical and theoretical one.

著者

吉田 晴代 高田 誠二

出版者

日本科学史学会

雑誌

科学史研究 (ISSN:21887535)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.26, no.161, pp.13-23, 1987 (Released:2021-09-22)

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Joseph Fourier, known as the author of Theorie analytique de la chaleur (1822), had previously tried to confirm the results of his mathematical analysis by experiment and reported some details of these experiments in his first paper on heat conduction "Theorie de la propagation de la chaleur dans les solides" (1807). Additionally, in Fourier's MSS., left are many notes on his experiments dated before 1807. They give vivid evidence not only for Fourier's experimental skill, but also for the actual modes of physical experiments in his time. The aims of Fourier's experimental research were (1)to verify his ingenious foresights deducible from the theory—ex. experiments on the steady thermal state in annulus and on heat diffusion in annulus and spheres; (2) to analyze the physical conditions which affect the exactness of the experimental results but can not be expounded by purely mathematical means—ex. experiments on heat diffusion in spheres and cubes under various thermal condions; (3) to determine such physical constants as the ratio of external conductivity to internal one—ex. experiments on the steady state in annulus (which, though unsuccessful, was the stalling point for. new method) and (4) to carry out tests indispensable for applying mathematical analysis to such practical problems as the error and response of thermometers. Fourier's researches on heat conduction, so comprehensive as to cover theoretical analysis, experimental verification and even practical application, are really distinguished among the investigations contemporary with his ones.

著者

吉田 晴代

出版者

一般社団法人 日本物理学会

雑誌

日本物理学会講演概要集

巻号頁・発行日

vol.53, 1998

著者

ウィリアム・アスプレイ著 杉山滋郎 吉田晴代訳

出版者

産業図書

巻号頁・発行日

1995

著者

吉田 晴代

出版者

札幌大学

雑誌

産研論集 (ISSN:09169121)

巻号頁・発行日

no.27, pp.43-67, 2003-01

被引用文献数

1