著者

和合 治久

出版者

日本応用動物昆虫学会

雑誌

日本応用動物昆虫学会誌 (ISSN:00214914)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.39, no.1, pp.1-13, 1995-02-25 (Released:2009-02-12)

参考文献数

93

被引用文献数

4 6

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Insects have at least three types of barriers to invading foreign matter at the integument, intestine and hemocoel. The hemocoel has several types of hemocytes and is the final barrier to invaders. The granular cells and plasmatocytes called immunocytes play essential roles in insect immunity. The foreign or non-self surface is recognized by the immunocytes, and triggers cellular filopodial elongation in which microfilaments play an indispensable role in phagocytosis. On the other hand, encapsulation and nodule formation involve cooperation between the granular cells and plasmatocytes. In this case, a humoral mediator (cytokine) is related to cell-cell interactions. Insects also have anti-microbial substances, lectin, a prophenoloxidase-activating system (proPO-AS), and a complement-like factor. Cecropin, insect defensin, and attacin are well-known anti-bacterial substances. In general, they are induced on injury or infection as well as at molting or pupation and show a broad spectrum activity. Lectin is also produced by infection or at developmental stages, and plays an important role in agglutinating foreign cells or in mediating the binding of granular phagocytes to them. In lepidoptera, lectin production is closely regulated by the endocrine system and by phagocytosis of granular cells. Furthermore, proPO-AS is correlated with recognition of foreign materials, particularly with the bacterial cell wall component, peptideglycan or the fungal cell wall component, β-1, 3-glucan. Since proPO and the protein for binding to peptideglycan or β-1, 3-glucan are synthesized by oenocytoids and spherule cells, respectively, these hemocytes can be called immunocytes. The rapid attachment of granular cells depends on the proPO-AS, suggesting that proPO-AS serves as opsonin in granulocyte adhesion. Complement-like factors are also found in hemolymph, although their defensive role is not confirmed. Like antibodies vertebrates possess, as complement has opsonic or lytic functions, it appears that insect complement-like factors could be involved in cytolysis or opsonization of foreign cells.

著者

和合 治久

出版者

日本食生活学会

雑誌

日本食生活学会誌 (ISSN:13469770)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.20, no.4, pp.265-269, 2010-03-30 (Released:2010-04-30)

参考文献数

9

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In a modern society, there are various kinds of diseases directly related to human life style due to unbalance of the autonomic nervous system, because some emotion of anxiety, sorrow and fear caused by uncomfortable stresses is increasing in human life. Generally, such life style-related disease are took place by domination of sympathetic nervous system in everyday life. Thus, it will be needed to induce or activate the parasympathetic nervous system to suppress the body condition under the domination of sympathetic nervous system leading to a worse function of alimentary canal such as constipation or diarrhea. This actually means the decline of our eating habit. From this viewpoint, I have long been involved in the study on seeking the significant methods to get a well-balanced life style including exercise, functional food or music. Particularly, since music therapy is well known to reduce unpleasant stresses and anxiety, I have focused on finding out the effective music to suppress the sympathetic nervous system or to activate the parasympathetic nervous system. Here, I would like to mention the effectiveness of music therapy using a Mozart music in recovering from a lot of disorders (Mibyou) caused by the ascendancy of sympathetic nervous system over parasympathetic nervous system. Results clearly showed that Mozart music is greatly useful in improving the various diseases caused by unbalance in autonomic nervous system including the disorders of digestive organs. Accordingly, music therapy with a Mozart music can be introduced as an easy tool to overcome the diseases associated with our life style, leading to a better and satisfactory eating habit.

著者

和合 治久

出版者

公益社団法人 日本農芸化学会

雑誌

化学と生物 (ISSN:0453073X)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.32, no.12, pp.781-790, 1994-12-15 (Released:2009-05-25)

参考文献数

53