著者

辻川 健治 岡田 侑己 瀬川 尋貴 山室 匡史 桑山 健次 金森 達之 岩田 祐子 井上 博之

出版者

日本法科学技術学会

雑誌

日本法科学技術学会誌 (ISSN:18801323)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.26, no.1, pp.103-113, 2021 (Released:2021-01-31)

参考文献数

13

被引用文献数

1

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So-called “Ecstasy tablets” are tablets which are expected to contain 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA). However, they often contain different drugs such as methamphetamine (MA) and 4-bromo-2,5-dimethoxyphenethylamine (2C-B). A combination of Simon's reagent and Marquis reagent has been used as a field test for Ecstasy tablets in Japan. We examined the test performance for Ecstasy tablets. Mixtures of MDMA hydrochloride and lactose (1 or 5 mg), mixtures of MDMA hydrochloride and cellulose (1 mg) as well as pulverized Ecstasy tablets (1 mg) [main drugs: MDMA (n=39, 8.4 to 79.9% as MDMA hydrochloride), MA (n=9, 0.1 to 59.0% as MA hydrochloride), and 2C-B (n=6, 4.5 to 13.0% as 2C-B hydrochloride)] were placed on a white spot plate; then, the reagents were dropped. The color change was recorded by a digital camera. When 1 mg of the mixture of MDMA hydrochloride and the diluent was used, the lowest MDMA hydrochloride concentration giving positive was 25%, except when the combination of Simon's reagent and the mixture of MDMA hydrochloride and cellulose (1%) was used. When increasing the sample amount to 5 mg, enhancement of coloration for Marquis reagent was weaker than that for Simon's reagent because of the low sample solubility. All MDMA tablets was positive to Simon's reagent; however, 5 MDMA tablets, whose MDMA concentration was low (≤16.5% as MDMA hydrochloride), was negative for the Marquis reagent. Only 1 MA tablet (59% as MA hydrochloride) was positive for both tests. All 2C-B tablets were judged as negative for the Marquis reagent because of faint color change and influence of tablet color. We concluded that a combination of both reagents i) had acceptable sensitivity for MDMA tablets but may give some false negative results and ii) had insufficient sensitivity for MA tablets and 2C-B tablets. This study will provide useful information about the field test for Ecstasy tablets.

著者

山室 匡史 岡田 侑己 瀬川 尋貴 桑山 健次 辻川 健治 金森 達之 岩田 祐子

出版者

日本法科学技術学会

雑誌

日本法科学技術学会誌 (ISSN:18801323)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.27, no.1, pp.73-83, 2022 (Released:2022-01-31)

参考文献数

11

被引用文献数

1

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In Japan, possession of germinable cannabis seeds for cultivation purposes is subject to prosecution. Cannabis seeds are marketed after being treated to prevent germination (heated or crushed). Currently, forensic examination of cannabis seeds is conducted by cultivating the seeds after germination tests for several weeks and then performing morphological observation and chemical analysis on the true leaves. In this study, we attempted to construct a rapid and simple method for the identification of cannabis seeds by combining the color reaction using 2,3,5-Triphenyl-2H-tetrazolium Chloride (TTC), a reagent that discriminates between living and dead cells, and DNA testing using a commercially available simple kit. The color reaction using TTC can determine the viability of peeled embryos within 20 min at 45 ℃ as previously reported. This method is effective for quickly determining whether a seed has been heat-treated or not. However, in the color reaction, a commercial health food seed that claimed to be unheated showed some coloration. This sample had been crushed to prevent germination and was easily identified as non-germinable by morphological examination. After the color reaction, the embryos could be directly used for DNA extraction without washing, and the DNA testing could be carried out in about 2 hours by following the instruction manual of the kit. By following the above procedure, it was possible to identify in one day whether a seed was a germinable cannabis or not, without the need to cultivate the plant. This method is expected to make a significant contribution to improving the efficiency of cannabis seed analysis.

著者

岡田 侑己 瀬川 尋貴 山室 匡史 桑山 健次 辻川 健治 金森 達之 岩田 祐子

出版者

日本法科学技術学会

雑誌

日本法科学技術学会誌 (ISSN:18801323)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.28, no.1, pp.51-58, 2023 (Released:2023-01-31)

参考文献数

9

被引用文献数

1

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We examined the decomposition behavior of 1-acyl-substituted derivatives of d-lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD), such as 1-cyclopropanecarbonyl LSD (1cP-LSD), 1-acetyl LSD (ALD-52), and 1-propionyl LSD (1P-LSD) through gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS). It was reported previously that in methanol, 1cP-LSD completely decomposed into LSD during GC/MS. We found that in methanol, 1cP-LSD remained undecomposed during GC/MS, and the extent of decomposition varied based on the analyses performed in this study. As a result of a detailed examination, we deduced that the decomposition occurs at the inlet, regardless of the inlet temperature or the type of the inlet liner. We observed that the peak areas of 1cP-LSD decreased with the deterioration of the inlet liner, and this was considered to be a cause for the variation between different analyses. While the acetonitrile solution of 1cP-LSD provided relatively robust results, the other examined solvents showed a significant decomposition of 1cP-LSD and/or a sequent decrease in the peak area of 1cP-LSD with time after the replacement of the inlet liner. ALD-52 or 1P-LSD in acetonitrile were stable during GC/MS, however, they were unstable when methanol was used as a solvent, similar to 1cP-LSD. This suggested that a similar decomposition and/or a sequent decrease in the peaks of ALD-52 and 1P-LSD during GC/MS can be expected.

著者

山室 匡史 岡田 侑己 瀬川 尋貴 桑山 健次 辻川 健治 金森 達之 岩田 祐子

出版者

日本法科学技術学会

雑誌

日本法科学技術学会誌 (ISSN:18801323)

巻号頁・発行日

pp.837, (Released:2022-06-16)

参考文献数

10

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In Japan, forensic examination of cannabis seeds requires proof of “being cannabis” and “being germinable”, and is currently conducted by continuing cultivation of the seeds for several weeks after germination tests and performing morphological observations and chemical analysis on the true leaves. We have previously constructed a rapid and simple method for identification of cannabis seeds by combining the color reaction with DNA testing. In this study, the effectiveness of the cannabis seed identification methods by combining the color reaction, germination test, and DNA testing that does not involve a cultivation process was verified on seized cannabis seeds. As previously reported, the combination of the color reaction using 2,3,5-Triphenyl-2H-tetrazolium Chloride and DNA testing using a commercial kit proved that the seized materials were germinable cannabis seeds within one day. Furthermore, the germination test, in which the young roots and cotyledons were visually checked one week after sowing, was able to more directly confirm germination ability. In addition, DNA testing was possible for the young roots after germination, indicating that they were cannabis. This study shows that the methods of cannabis seed identification, which does not involve a cultivation process, are effective even for seized materials whose storage conditions are unknown.