著者

田口 真二

出版者

日本法科学技術学会

雑誌

日本法科学技術学会誌 (ISSN:18801323)

巻号頁・発行日

pp.689, (Released:2015-02-17)

参考文献数

22

被引用文献数

1 2

---

We selected a group of men who acknowledged sexual interest in prepubescent girls based on the Sexual Desire Scale for Males (SDS-M). Subjects were members of the general population aged 18 years and above who were not in prison (N=573). The relationship between acknowledging sexual interest in prepubescent girls and factors such as their experience of sexual offence, personality traits, cognition towards women and use of pornography were examined. It was estimated that 10% of survey subjects had acknowledged sexual interest in prepubescent girls. Statistical analysis showed that acknowledging sexual interest in prepubescent girls was significantly related to experience of sexual offence against women, some of sexual desire, some of personality traits and acceptance of sexual violence. A significantly higher proportion of men who acknowledged sexual interest in prepubescent girls had experience of sexual offence against women and of using child pornography compared to those who did not. The results of this study suggest that an understanding of sexual interest in prepubescent girls requires the perspectives of cultural and social learning.

著者

田口 真二

出版者

日本法科学技術学会

雑誌

日本法科学技術学会誌 (ISSN:18801323)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.20, no.2, pp.175-183, 2015 (Released:2015-07-17)

参考文献数

22

被引用文献数

1 2

---

We selected a group of men who acknowledged sexual interest in prepubescent girls based on the Sexual Desire Scale for Males (SDS-M). Subjects were members of the general population aged 18 years and above who were not in prison (N=573). The relationship between acknowledging sexual interest in prepubescent girls and factors such as their experience of sexual offence, personality traits, cognition towards women and use of pornography were examined. It was estimated that 10% of survey subjects had acknowledged sexual interest in prepubescent girls. Statistical analysis showed that acknowledging sexual interest in prepubescent girls was significantly related to experience of sexual offence against women, some of sexual desire, some of personality traits and acceptance of sexual violence. A significantly higher proportion of men who acknowledged sexual interest in prepubescent girls had experience of sexual offence against women and of using child pornography compared to those who did not. The results of this study suggest that an understanding of sexual interest in prepubescent girls requires the perspectives of cultural and social learning.

著者

杉江 謙一 阿久津 守

出版者

日本法科学技術学会

雑誌

日本法科学技術学会誌 (ISSN:18801323)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.25, no.1, pp.115-121, 2020 (Released:2020-01-31)

参考文献数

13

被引用文献数

2

---

The cultivar cannabis (Cannabis sativa L.) ‘Tochigi-shiro’ has been developed by the Tochigi Prefectural Institute of Public Health and Environmental Science and Tochigi Prefectural Agricultural Experiment Station. It is considered nontoxic and a fiber-type cannabis because of its low concentration of the hallucinogen Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC). Recently, concentrated forms of cannabis, such as butane hash oil (BHO), have spread globally, and seizures of BHO have increased in Japan. We expect that the use of BHO prepared from Tochigi-shiro may be detrimental to health. However, the concentrations of cannabinoids in Tochigi-shiro have not previously been reported. In this study, the concentrations of THC, cannabidiol (CBD), cannabinol, and tetrahydrocannabivarin in Tochigi-shiro cultivated in Tochigi Prefecture were measured. Further, BHO was produced from the leaves of Tochigi-shiro using commercially available extraction devices to determine the extraction efficiency of THC and CBD. THC was detected in Tochigi-shiro, and concentrations of each cannabinoid differed between plants grown at three sites in Tochigi Prefecture. However, the concentration ratio of CBD to THC was almost the same in plants from all three sites. In BHO, the concentrations of THC and CBD were 6.59% w/w and 35.0% w/w, respectively. This indicates that the concentrations of THC and CBD were approximately 55- and 35-fold greater, respectively, in BHO than in the leaves of plants before butane gas extraction. We confirmed that the concentration of THC in plants was low, whereas the concentration in BHO was high. In the BHO manufactured from Tochigi-shiro, the CBD concentration was five times higher than that of THC. Moreover, CBD can antagonize the psychotomimetic symptoms caused by THC. Therefore, even if BHO produced from this plant was used, the effect of THC would hardly be obtained. Currently, interest in cannabis is increasing worldwide. The traditional industry producing cannabis as a source of fiber may be affected by the theft of Tochigi-shiro. The results of the present study are relevant to prefectural and city governments and cultivators, and suggest the need for additional protection of cultivated fields against theft.

著者

北澤 和也 阿部 積 風間 守 工藤 雅孝

出版者

日本法科学技術学会

雑誌

日本法科学技術学会誌 (ISSN:18801323)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.20, no.2, pp.185-189, 2015 (Released:2015-07-17)

参考文献数

5

被引用文献数

1

---

The influence of liquid cleaners on the inner wall coating of aluminum bottle cans was examined by a combination of 20 cleaners and 21 bottles. The bottle cans were classified into three types by their inner resin coatings. The coatings were an epoxy resin, another type of epoxy resin and a polyester resin. After a small portion of liquid cleaners were dropped on the epoxy resin inner coatings of bottles, one of the cleaners generated hydrogen bubbles but the other 19 cleaners caused no effect. This phenomenon was not observed even after about twenty hours when using other liquid cleaners. A mixture of alkalis (NaOH and KOH) and a solvent (diethylene glycol mono-n-butyl ether) in the components of the liquid cleaner in question brought the same phenomenon, and the concentration of the solvent and the time taken to start bubbling were correlated. Therefore, we concluded that because the solvent denatured the inner resin coating of aluminum bottle cans, the alkalis were made accessible to aluminum and generated hydrogen bubbles as a result.

著者

渡邉 大助 数井 優子 太田 彦人

出版者

日本法科学技術学会

雑誌

日本法科学技術学会誌 (ISSN:18801323)

巻号頁・発行日

pp.762, (Released:2019-08-27)

参考文献数

11

被引用文献数

1

---

The behavior of degradation and diffusion of phosphorus-containing amino acids, glyphosate and glufosinate, in soil was investigated over a long term of up to 6 months. The herbicides were extracted from the soil under strong alkaline condition and quantified by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. Diffusion and downward penetration were hardly observed for glyphosate, and was observed for about 90 days in summer and about 185 days in winter. For glufosinate, on the other hand, the observation was relatively short at about 10 days, and diffusion and penetration in soil were slightly observed. In the case when glyphosate or glufosinate is dumped on the ground for criminal purposes, the herbicides could be detected at least for 6 months for glyphosate and 1 month for glufosinate from the surface soil by using the method presented in this paper.

著者

横田 賀英子 大塚 祐輔 倉石 宏樹 和智 妙子 渡邉 和美

出版者

日本法科学技術学会

雑誌

日本法科学技術学会誌 (ISSN:18801323)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.19, no.1, pp.19-30, 2014 (Released:2014-02-04)

参考文献数

15

被引用文献数

1

---

Characteristics of male offenders arrested in Japan for exhibitionism (N = 414) and features of their offences were investigated. In analyses, their behavioral consistency was also examined by focusing on 87 repeat exhibitionists. The results indicated that many offenders were well-adjusted persons: 71% were employed, 30% were married, and 23% were graduates. Moreover, 66% of the offences were committed in daytime, and 64% targeted victims aged 10-20 years. In 24% of cases, the distances between offenders' residences and crime scenes were less than one kilometer, whereas 40% of offenders lived over 5 kilometers away. In terms of behavioral consistency, offences in “trains or buses” and public spaces were shown to be consistent for repeated arrests, even after taking the occurrence rate into consideration by measures of adjusted standardized residual (ASR) and forward specialization coefficient (FSC), which is suggestive of behavioral consistency. Finally, less frequent behaviors, such as nighttime offences and offences targeting victims aged 30 years or older occurred less consistently in the series of offences. The results suggested that many exhibitionists rationally decided when and where to commit crimes, based on their calculation of risk and reward. The fact that many offenders were well-adjusted persons might be one of factors explaining offender's rational decision making. The findings in the current study can contribute to the police investigation to prioritize their investigative targets. The current research can form the basis of understanding of the nature of male exhibitionists.

著者

松本 謙吾 掛橋 秀直 鎌田 寛恵 志摩 典明 鎌田 徹 片木 宗弘 西岡 裕

出版者

日本法科学技術学会

雑誌

日本法科学技術学会誌 (ISSN:18801323)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.28, no.2, pp.103-112, 2023 (Released:2023-07-31)

参考文献数

16

---

Cannabidiol (CBD), an uncontrolled cannabinoid in marijuana, is readily converted to the controlled Δ9- and Δ8-THCs under acidic conditions. In this study, we monitored the time-course conversion of CBD into the two THCs using easily available acids and solvents by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. Placing CBD (3.3 mg/mL) in 4.2 mM sulfuric acid-glacial acetic acid solution at room temperature resulted in the production of Δ9-Tetrahydrocannabinol (Δ9-THC) after 3 hours, followed by Δ8-THC after 96 hours. The conversion continued, and their relative abundance was Δ9-THC>CBD>Δ8-THC after 192 hours. Elevating the sulfuric acid concentration to 42 mM promoted the conversion to where CBD depleted in 3 hours, Δ9-THC production peaked (and started to decline) at 12 hours, and Δ8-THC became the major constituent at 100 hours. Replacing sulfuric acid with muriatic acid showed the similar time-course conversion. The THCs/CBD ratio varies under acidic conditions; this ratio can be used as an indicator for identifying the product lots of liquid drugs containing THCs converted from CBD. Ethanol, alternative solvent to glacial acetic acid, kept CBD unchanged with 42 mM sulfuric acid for 192 hours at room temperature, but conversion into Δ9-THC was observed after 6 hours when heated at 70℃. Without an acid catalyst, CBD was stable under heating cycles from 60℃ to 130℃ in an electric vaporizer. Thus, the unintentional production of THCs seems unlikely only by heating a commercial CBD product. The CBD-to-THCs conversion also yielded several by-products. Among them, possible Δ8-iso-THC was detected under all 12 combination conditions (two catalytic acids and six solvents) investigated in this study. Additionally, the use of alcohol solvents produced alcohol adducts of the THCs. Detection of by-products therefore can provide more solid information for identifying the product lots and estimating the condition of CBD conversion.

著者

金子 周司

出版者

日本法科学技術学会

雑誌

日本法科学技術学会誌 (ISSN:18801323)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.22, no.2, pp.49-59, 2017 (Released:2017-07-27)

参考文献数

20

---

From 2012 to 2014 in Japan, a total of 214 cases of motor vehicle collisions were attributed to the use of illegal drugs by drivers. In 93 out of 96 investigated cases, the causative agents were 22 kinds of synthetic cannabinoids (SCs). Those SCs can be grouped into three groups according to the timeline of use and their chemical structures. The first generation SC naphtoyl indole derivatives, such as MAM-2201, were used in 2012 and disappeared by governmental overall regulations in Spring, 2013. Instead, quinolinyl ester indoles (second generation SC, such as 5F-PB-22) and indazole carboxamides (third generation SC, such as 5F-AB-PINACA) appeared thereafter with much stronger potencies. An outbreak of SC occurred in Summer, 2014 with one of the strongest SCs, 5F-ADB. The common signs observed in the SC-abused drivers are impaired consciousness, anterograde amnesia, catalepsy with muscle rigidity, tachycardia, and vomiting or drooling. Since the third generation SCs are extremely potent CB1 agonists (only a small amount is required) and instable in blood, it is very difficult to detect SCs in biological samples. Actually, only in one third of the cases, SC could be detected in blood or urine.

著者

財津 亘 渋谷 友祐 長谷川 直宏

出版者

日本法科学技術学会

雑誌

日本法科学技術学会誌 (ISSN:18801323)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.13, no.1, pp.83-92, 2008 (Released:2008-04-19)

参考文献数

28

---

Offender profiling is one of the tools of decision making for criminal investigation. It is a set of techniques to infer characteristics of an unknown offender, such as sex, age bracket, lifestyle, psychological feature, previous crime, inhabited area, from the information which is left at the crime scene.   In this article, we proposed a tool of decision-making for criminal investigation from the perspective of prediction of an uncertain event by the use of a Bayesian Network (BN). BN is a probability model that describes causal structure of events as chain networks of conditional probability, and is capable to predict the possibility of uncertain events.   To examine the validity of the constructed model, firstly, we divided previous offenders’ information of the indoor-sex-offence cases into a training data (9,859 cases) and validation data (50 cases). Secondly, we constructed a model from the training data by means of K2 and MDL (minimum description length) as search-algorithm and information criteria, respectively. Finally, the validity of the model was examined by the validation data as virtual cases.   According to the model, 21 target variables (16 behavioral variables, 2 vehicle variables and 3 victim variables) linked the explanatory variable (employment) directly, and most of these variables related to the employment. The results of the model validity showed that the accuracy of predicting the employment increased 10% higher when the age bracket could be estimated from the testimony of the victim.   The results indicated that the BN model of the offender profiling would be able to provide valuable information for decision making for crime investigation. To predict characteristics of an unknown offender more accurately, it is crucial to select more appropriate information criteria and develop the search-algorithm, as well as to construct the database from more accurate information.

著者

志摩 典明 片木 宗弘

出版者

日本法科学技術学会

雑誌

日本法科学技術学会誌 (ISSN:18801323)

巻号頁・発行日

pp.r022, (Released:2021-07-16)

参考文献数

65

---

Increasing numbers of drug-facilitated sexual assaults (DFSAs) have been reported recently and have become a social concern. In DFSAs, biological specimens (urine, blood, and hair) are analyzed to prove the victim's drug exposure, which can lead to proof of the sexual crime. Hair is the only specimen that can provide firm evidence of drug ingestion in cases of long delays (more than a week) in reporting the crime. Furthermore, detailed sectional hair analysis of a single hair strand enables to estimate the victim's drug-use history (date and amount of intake). Several recent studies have demonstrated high-sensitivity methods using mass spectrometry to detect sub-pg/mg concentrations of hypnotics in hair, and additionally illustrated the incorporation pathways of drugs and detailed distribution patterns in the hair after intake. Based on these findings, hair testing for hypnotics has been put to practical applications since 2016. In this paper, we review the practical concepts and usefulness of hair testing for hypnotics while introducing the current situation of DFSAs.

著者

財津 亘 金 明哲

出版者

日本法科学技術学会

雑誌

日本法科学技術学会誌 (ISSN:18801323)

巻号頁・発行日

pp.678, (Released:2014-10-31)

参考文献数

28

被引用文献数

4

---

The effectiveness of identifying the author of an illegal document by using text mining was investigated. The suspected writing evaluated in this study was a claim of responsibility written by a 14-year-old boy, which stated that he committed the “Kobe child murders” in 1997. It was compared with control writings including confessions, and an essay that we knew were written by the same boy, as well as with irrelevant materials including various essays written by five junior high school students, and claims of responsibility in four past criminal cases. First, the writings in each document were digitalized and converted to text files. Then, the relative frequencies of bigram of letters, bigram of part-of-speech taggers, sentence lengths of each document, and rate of using Kanji, Hiragana, and Katakana were calculated. Results of sammon multi-dimensional scaling and hierarchical cluster analysis indicated that the text in the suspected writing was arranged identically or similarly to groups of texts in control materials, where they were arranged differently from groups of texts in irrelevant materials. In a separate analysis, the suspected writing was substituted with a document written by a different offender and we conducted the identical procedure described above. Results demonstrated that texts in the suspected writing were in a different form control and irrelevant texts. These results indicated the effectiveness of identifying an author by using text mining when examining forensic documents.

著者

杉江 謙一 阿久津 守

出版者

日本法科学技術学会

雑誌

日本法科学技術学会誌 (ISSN:18801323)

巻号頁・発行日

pp.763, (Released:2019-08-23)

参考文献数

13

被引用文献数

2

---

The cultivar cannabis (Cannabis sativa L.) ‘Tochigi-shiro’ has been developed by the Tochigi Prefectural Institute of Public Health and Environmental Science and Tochigi Prefectural Agricultural Experiment Station. It is considered nontoxic and a fiber-type cannabis because of its low concentration of the hallucinogen Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC). Recently, concentrated forms of cannabis, such as butane hash oil (BHO), have spread globally, and seizures of BHO have increased in Japan. We expect that the use of BHO prepared from Tochigi-shiro may be detrimental to health. However, the concentrations of cannabinoids in Tochigi-shiro have not previously been reported. In this study, the concentrations of THC, cannabidiol (CBD), cannabinol, and tetrahydrocannabivarin in Tochigi-shiro cultivated in Tochigi Prefecture were measured. Further, BHO was produced from the leaves of Tochigi-shiro using commercially available extraction devices to determine the extraction efficiency of THC and CBD. THC was detected in Tochigi-shiro, and concentrations of each cannabinoid differed between plants grown at three sites in Tochigi Prefecture. However, the concentration ratio of CBD to THC was almost the same in plants from all three sites. In BHO, the concentrations of THC and CBD were 6.59% w/w and 35.0% w/w, respectively. This indicates that the concentrations of THC and CBD were approximately 55- and 35-fold greater, respectively, in BHO than in the leaves of plants before butane gas extraction. We confirmed that the concentration of THC in plants was low, whereas the concentration in BHO was high. In the BHO manufactured from Tochigi-shiro, the CBD concentration was five times higher than that of THC. Moreover, CBD can antagonize the psychotomimetic symptoms caused by THC. Therefore, even if BHO produced from this plant was used, the effect of THC would hardly be obtained. Currently, interest in cannabis is increasing worldwide. The traditional industry producing cannabis as a source of fiber may be affected by the theft of Tochigi-shiro. The results of the present study are relevant to prefectural and city governments and cultivators, and suggest the need for additional protection of cultivated fields against theft.

著者

財津 亘

出版者

日本法科学技術学会

雑誌

日本法科学技術学会誌 (ISSN:18801323)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.13, no.2, pp.133-142, 2008 (Released:2008-10-17)

参考文献数

30

---

The relationship between serial rapist type and the time interval from the first to the second crime was investigated in Study 1. A Bayesian Network (BN) model, included rapists' type derived in Study 1 and the time interval from the first to the second crime, was constructed to predict the time interval till the second crime, and this model was tested in Study 2.   In Study 1, 147 serial rapists were classified according to the severity of the rapists' criminality by using categorical principal components analysis (CatPCA). Results indicated that the interval from the first to the second crime for rapists with a low severity of the criminality (mean 158.0 days) was longer than that for rapists with a high severity of the criminality (mean 82.1 days). In Study 2, A BN model was constructed from the following variables: rapists' characteristic derived in Study 1 (the severity of the criminality), time interval from the first to the second crime, as well as criminal behaviors. The model was tested by using new data, 20 serial rapists committed, as virtual cases. The results of model estimation indicated that the accuracy of predicting the time interval from the first to the second crime, either within 42 days or later, was 80.0%. In detail, if the model predicted that a rapist would commit the second crime in less than 42 days, the accuracy of the prediction was 75.0%, whereas if the model predicted that a rapist would commit the second crime in over 42 days, the accuracy of the prediction was 87.5%.

著者

野原 寛文 前田 育子 久澄 倫之介 内山 岳人 平島 紘子 中田 大仁 大野 里香 長谷川 哲朗 清水 健史

出版者

日本法科学技術学会

雑誌

日本法科学技術学会誌 (ISSN:18801323)

巻号頁・発行日

pp.778, (Released:2020-08-20)

参考文献数

9

---

Many unidentified bodies are expected to be discovered during a major disaster. Therefore it is necessary to establish a technique of identity estimation from the DNA of the dead person. Y-STR haplotype is genetically same among male relatives unless a genetical mutation occurs, and it is expected that the same Y-STR haplotype tends to be distributed in nearby residential areas. In this study, we analyzed Y-STR haplotypes and Y-haplogroups from 1,702 samples mainly collected from Miyazaki Prefecture to examine whether the geographic origin can be estimated. Y-haplogroup tended to be distributed differently between inside and outside of Miyazaki Prefecture. Some specific Y-STR haplotypes were intensively distributed in the southern and northern parts of Miyazaki Prefecture. These findings are thought to lead to the construction of a geographic origin estimation system in Miyazaki Prefecture, and are expected to be used in disaster victim identifications and criminal investigations in the future.

著者

戸山 恭平 平島 昭雄 竹下 尚紀 西嶋 靖治

出版者

日本法科学技術学会

雑誌

日本法科学技術学会誌 (ISSN:18801323)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.18, no.1, pp.23-33, 2013 (Released:2013-02-20)

参考文献数

15

被引用文献数

1

---

In order to estimate type and trajectory of the fired bullet from the analysis of the ricochet mark, we carried out the gunfire test against the inclined target. 1.2 mm thin steel plates were used as intermediate targets in this study. The following are types of cartridges which were used: 25 AUTO., 32 AUTO., 7.62 mm Tokarev, 380 AUTO., 38 SPL. (FMC), 38 SPL. (LRN), 9 mm Luger and 45 AUTO.. The target was put in a wooden frame. The angle of incidence was changed by rotating the wooden frame.   We could classify the deformation morphology on the thin steel plate into 4 patterns: Ricochet mark without the crack (Type 1), Ricochet mark with the small crack (Type 2), Ricochet mark with the large crack (Type 3), Penetration (Type 4). Metal from the bullet surface was left on the surface of the target. It was thought that the crack in the edge of the ricochet mark (Type 2 or 3) was caused by the friction arising from the rifling rotation of the fired bullet. The length of the ricochet mark in the longitudinal direction L increases with increase of the kinetic energy of the bullet E. The value of L was relative to the kinetic energy resolved into the horizontal component of the velocity Ecos2θi (θi: the angle of incidence). Except for 380 AUTO. and 38 SPL., the value of L was almost independent of E and Ecos2θi respectively. The ratio of the angle of ricochet θr to the angle of incidence θi was around 1 to 2. Therefore, caliber and type of a fired bullet and the trajectory can be determined from the analysis of the ricochet mark and the contour when the bullet is fired into a 1.2 mm thin steel plate.

著者

渡邉 大助 数井 優子 太田 彦人

出版者

日本法科学技術学会

雑誌

日本法科学技術学会誌 (ISSN:18801323)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.25, no.1, pp.15-21, 2020 (Released:2020-01-31)

参考文献数

11

被引用文献数

1

---

The behavior of degradation and diffusion of phosphorus-containing amino acids, glyphosate and glufosinate, in soil was investigated over a long term of up to 6 months. The herbicides were extracted from the soil under strong alkaline condition and quantified by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. Diffusion and downward penetration were hardly observed for glyphosate, and was observed for about 90 days in summer and about 185 days in winter. For glufosinate, on the other hand, the observation was relatively short at about 10 days, and diffusion and penetration in soil were slightly observed. In the case when glyphosate or glufosinate is dumped on the ground for criminal purposes, the herbicides could be detected at least for 6 months for glyphosate and 1 month for glufosinate from the surface soil by using the method presented in this paper.

著者

辻川 健治 岡田 侑己 瀬川 尋貴 山室 匡史 桑山 健次 金森 達之 岩田 祐子 井上 博之

出版者

日本法科学技術学会

雑誌

日本法科学技術学会誌 (ISSN:18801323)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.26, no.1, pp.103-113, 2021 (Released:2021-01-31)

参考文献数

13

被引用文献数

1

---

So-called “Ecstasy tablets” are tablets which are expected to contain 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA). However, they often contain different drugs such as methamphetamine (MA) and 4-bromo-2,5-dimethoxyphenethylamine (2C-B). A combination of Simon's reagent and Marquis reagent has been used as a field test for Ecstasy tablets in Japan. We examined the test performance for Ecstasy tablets. Mixtures of MDMA hydrochloride and lactose (1 or 5 mg), mixtures of MDMA hydrochloride and cellulose (1 mg) as well as pulverized Ecstasy tablets (1 mg) [main drugs: MDMA (n=39, 8.4 to 79.9% as MDMA hydrochloride), MA (n=9, 0.1 to 59.0% as MA hydrochloride), and 2C-B (n=6, 4.5 to 13.0% as 2C-B hydrochloride)] were placed on a white spot plate; then, the reagents were dropped. The color change was recorded by a digital camera. When 1 mg of the mixture of MDMA hydrochloride and the diluent was used, the lowest MDMA hydrochloride concentration giving positive was 25%, except when the combination of Simon's reagent and the mixture of MDMA hydrochloride and cellulose (1%) was used. When increasing the sample amount to 5 mg, enhancement of coloration for Marquis reagent was weaker than that for Simon's reagent because of the low sample solubility. All MDMA tablets was positive to Simon's reagent; however, 5 MDMA tablets, whose MDMA concentration was low (≤16.5% as MDMA hydrochloride), was negative for the Marquis reagent. Only 1 MA tablet (59% as MA hydrochloride) was positive for both tests. All 2C-B tablets were judged as negative for the Marquis reagent because of faint color change and influence of tablet color. We concluded that a combination of both reagents i) had acceptable sensitivity for MDMA tablets but may give some false negative results and ii) had insufficient sensitivity for MA tablets and 2C-B tablets. This study will provide useful information about the field test for Ecstasy tablets.

著者

小川 好則 宮坂 祥夫 今泉 和彦 吉野 峰生

出版者

日本法科学技術学会

雑誌

日本法科学技術学会誌 (ISSN:18801323)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.15, no.1, pp.1-13, 2010 (Released:2010-02-27)

参考文献数

27

被引用文献数

1 1

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The purpose of this study was to evaluate the reliability of a craniometric sex estimation method proposed by Hanihara (1959) by using the latest cranial samples. A total of 80 males and 43 females with the current Japanese measurement data [NRIPS data] were collected from the archives kept in the National Research Institute of Police Science, Japan. Cranial samples used ranged in birth year from 1920 to 1979 (late Taisho to mid Showa era) and was restricted to subjects who were over 19 years of age at death.   The means of NRIPS data were compared with those of Hanihara‘s data concerning eight measurement items (Maximum cranial length, Maximum cranial breadth, Basion-bregmatic height, Bizygomatic breadth, Upper facial height, Bigonial breadth, Mental height, Ramal height). In addition, to assess the accuracy of the sex estimation function, the NRIPS data were applied to seven discriminant functions reported by Hanihara.   Results indicated that the means of the NRIPS were significantly greater in comparison to the Hanihara data except for maximum cranial length in both sexes, mental height in males and upper facial height in females. The error rate for sex estimation in male crania was relatively low (3.6-5.7%), but was extremely high in females (30.8-52.0%). With reference to several items of the discriminant functions, the error rates obtained were significantly different from the original error rates reported.   The present study suggests that the application of the discriminant functions based on old population data may cause a decrease in the reliability of sex estimation in the current Japanese population.

著者

金森 美江子 野口 絵里子 金森 達之 大森 毅 瀬戸 康雄

出版者

日本法科学技術学会

雑誌

日本法科学技術学会誌 (ISSN:18801323)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.16, no.2, pp.145-151, 2011 (Released:2011-08-12)

参考文献数

12

被引用文献数

2 2

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We ascertained that one of the lachrymator, allyl isothiocyanate (AITC), reacted with alkyl alcohol to form O-alkyl allylthiocarbamate. AITC was incubated with methanol, ethanol (EtOH) or 2-propanol, respectively, and analyzed by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS). On the total ion chromatogram of the reaction mixture, one peak appeared which was different from AITC, and the molecular weight was 131, 145 or 159, respectively. The reaction product of AITC with EtOH was prepared from the mixture. By 1H nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) analysis, six pairs of the signals which resembled each other appeared at room temperature and some of the paired signals overlapped by heating. It was suggested that the reaction product of AITC with EtOH was O-ethyl allylthiocarbamate, and that it was composed of the mixture of conformational isomers at room temperature.

著者

桐原 美穂 川端 三十一

出版者

日本法科学技術学会

雑誌

日本法科学技術学会誌 (ISSN:18801323)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.15, no.1, pp.59-64, 2010 (Released:2010-02-27)

参考文献数

4

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Cannabis seeds not pretreated for prevention of germination are on sale through the Internet in recent years. These seeds are illegal and show a high probability of germination. The number of arrestees, who had cultivated illegal Cannabis seeds, has increased year after year.   Recently, we had an opportunity to examine Cannabis seeds. We carried out experiments for the proof of the germination abilities by usual and embryo-exposure techniques. The embryo-exposure technique is a speedy and effective method for germination of Cannabis seeds, especially for the weakened seeds.   In this study, we have reported and recorded the course of germination, how to determine the germination and the growth process of Cannabis.