- 著者
-
成田 章
- 出版者
- 日本素材物性学会
- 雑誌
- 素材物性学雑誌 (ISSN:09199853)
- 巻号頁・発行日
- vol.11, no.2, pp.102-130, 1998-12-30 (Released:2010-10-28)
- 参考文献数
- 82
The various methods of the non-empirical atomic structure calculations have been so far extensively developed. Their representatives are the Thomas-Fermi, the Hartree, the Hartree-Fock and the density functional methods. These methods have been also applied to the understandings of the physical and the chemical properties for the molecules and the solids. In this review article, mainly the Hartree-Fock and the density functional theories for the atoms are described, and furthermore the methods for the numerical calculations of the basic equations are given. The fundamental physical pictures in the many electron systems are almost included in the HF theory, and the theory is the most standard one in the many body problems even at the present day. The density functional theory is a newer one and originates from the Thomas-Fermi theory, and has merits that the numerical calculations in this method are very easy compared to the HF method and give the similar accuracy to that of the HF method. The studies to improve and to develop the density functional theory are now still continuing. On the other hand, since the relativistic effects are important for the heavier atoms such as the rare earth and the actinide, the fundamentals for the relativistic atomic structure calculations are also given.