著者

星 清子 Seiko Hoshi

雑誌

尚絅学院大学紀要 = Research reports of Shokei Gakuin College (ISSN:13496883)

巻号頁・発行日

no.66, pp.1-10, 2013-12-01

著者

星 清子 矢島 高二

出版者

Japanese Association for Dietary Fiber Research

雑誌

日本食物繊維研究会誌 (ISSN:13431994)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.2, no.1, pp.1-14, 1998-07-31 (Released:2010-06-28)

参考文献数

60

被引用文献数

1

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Colonic bacteria ferment nutrients escaped digestion and absorption in the small intestine to get energy for their proliferation, and result in luminal accumulation of their fermentation products. Colonic fermentation and their products are influenced by available substrates which vary chemical compositions and physical states. Plant fibers, resistant starch, nondigestible oligosaccharides and resistant proteins are principal substrates for colonic bacteria, and are anaerobically metabolized to various organic acids, mainly short—chain fatty acids (acetate, propionate and butyrate), ammonia and amines. Short—chain fatty acids are rapidly absorbed across Colonic mucosa and used as an energy nutrient. Short—chain fatty acids, besides their energy supplier, play a role as luminal chemical stimuli that can modify epithelial proliferation, intestinal blood flow, motility and secretion. The effects vary among short—chain fatty acids, and are dose—dependent. The sensory mechanism, therefore, of the gastrointestinal tracts must be able to detect not only the presence of individual short—chain fatty acids, but also their concentration.

著者

渡辺 和好 舘谷 清 松木 賢治 星 清

出版者

Japan Society of Civil Engineers

雑誌

水理講演会論文集 (ISSN:09134131)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.33, pp.55-60, 1989-02-25 (Released:2010-06-04)

参考文献数

7

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Operational comparisons are presented using the optimization techniques to identify the parameters in Sugawara' s Tank model which has been widely employed for long-term runoff analysis. Themathematical optimization techniques tested herein are both the Powell and Newton methods. Computational burden is too stringent in the application of the Powell method to parameter optimization in the Tank model, because a great number of runoff computations are required. The efficiency of optimization performance resulting from use of the Newton method clearly depends on how effectively the sensitivity coefficients can be derived. An important feature of the proposed approach is the theoretical derivation of sensitivity coefficients which can directly be used in the optimization scheme of the Newton method.A vector differential equation in terms of storages in the four tanks is numerically integrated using the transition matrix which is computed by expanding the matrix exponential. The elements of this transition matrix play a significant role in eliminating additional computations involved in the solution of sensitivity coefficients. On the basis of the simulation results, the Newton method coupled with sensitivity coefficients appears to have potential performance advantages for optimizing the parameters in the Tank model.