著者

杉 亜希子

出版者

一般社団法人 日本オリエント学会

雑誌

オリエント (ISSN:00305219)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.48, no.1, pp.88-116, 2005-09-30 (Released:2010-03-12)

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The east and the north walls of the burial chamber of the 6th Dynasty Saqqara tomb of Idut (usurped from Ihy) ane inscribed with almost identical offering lists of 96 items. I studied these lists, reconstructing them to the extent possible, using the five main sequences of an offering ritual suggested by G. Lapp: 1. introductory rites, 2. Opening of the Mouth rites, 3. introductory rites (repeated), 4. invitation to the deceased, and 5. the presentation of food offerings. The origin of this offering ritual can be traced to the royal ritual seen in the Pyramid Texts Spells 23-171, and the repetitive formula in the Spells was presumably recited, while the offerings were made. Research on these lists elucidates the metaphorical implications embedded in the names of the offerings, each of which refers to the ‘Eye of Horus’, and demonstrates that the ‘magical effect’ of the lists is to support the deceased Idut in her transformation into the divine _??_-state through the offering ritual.

著者

杉 亜希子

出版者

一般社団法人 日本オリエント学会

雑誌

オリエント (ISSN:00305219)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.50, no.2, pp.55-89, 2007 (Released:2010-03-12)

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Water was an essential life-giving element to the Ancient Egyptians, and this soon led them to associate the symbol of life, _??_, with water. An _??_-symbol in relation to water was iconographically exploited since it encompasses the concept of ‘gives life’ to a receiver: the pharaoh and/or the deceased, in particular, as an assurance of his/her present and perpetual life.In this article, the iconographic motifs of an _??_-symbol in relation to water in the New Kingdom will be categorized into three types: in the form of chained _??_-symbols; the ritual vessel in the shape of an _??_-symbol (so-called _??_-vessel); the personified _??_ holding a water basin (s) or a ritual vessel. Then the context which contains the _??_-motif related to water will be considered predominantly in respect of two fundamental mythological conceptions: solar revivification and Osirian resurrection. The _??_-symbol is represented in the context of solar creation, especially the bathing of the sun-god at sunrise and his movement through the heavens. Furthermore, in the Osirian context, the strong association of an _??_-symbol becomes obvious with the liquids flowing from (efflux) and into (influx) the body of Osiris, in the manifestation of whm-_??_ ‘that which repeats life/renewal of life’ in particular. This binary cosmic scheme of mythological concepts is interwoven into the transformation process from death to life, and that from present to mythic/cosmic reality.This study will demonstrate an iconographic mechanism within which _??_-motifs associated with the life-giving water were carefully and appropriately chosen in each case depending on the context as a device to create the magical reality of dj _??_ ‘giving life, ’ the substantial and repeatedly stressed formulaic message throughout the Phraohnic periods.