著者

松崎 利行

出版者

日本医科大学医学会

雑誌

日本医科大学医学会雑誌 (ISSN:13498975)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.5, no.2, pp.118-124, 2009 (Released:2009-05-15)

参考文献数

25

被引用文献数

1 1

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Aquaporins are membrane water channel proteins through which water permeates the lipid bilayer. So far 13 aquaporin isoforms, aquaporin-0 (AQP0) to AQP12, have been identified in mammals. They are classified into 3 subgroups: 1) aquaporins that selectively transfer water, 2) aquaglyceroporins that transfer some small solutes as well as water, and 3) unorthodox aquaporins. They are widely distributed in most water-handling organs, such as kidney, and play important roles in water transfer. For example, segment-specific expression of AQP1, AQP2, AQP3, AQP4, AQP6, AQP7, and AQP11 in the renal tubular epithelium enables water reabsorption to produce concentrated urine. Aquaporins are usually localized to the plasma membrane. Some isoforms, such as AQP2, are present in the intracellular membrane compartment. AQP2 in collecting duct cells translocates between intracellular vesicles and the cell surface via a membrane trafficking mechanism. Mutations of AQP2 result in congenital nephrogenic diabetes insipidus. This review summarizes the distribution and physiological importance of aquaporins, with a special focus on the kidney.

著者

小澤 一史 松崎 利行

出版者

日本医科大学医学会

雑誌

日本医科大学医学会雑誌 (ISSN:13498975)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.5, no.4, pp.215-220, 2009 (Released:2009-11-17)

参考文献数

9

被引用文献数

1 1

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Immunohistochemistry is concerned with the detection of specific biological substances at the light and electron microscopic levels with antibodies labeled with visible markers, such as horseradish peroxidase and colloidal gold. In particular, the immunohistochemistry of electron microscopy has provided much morphological and biological information. Immunoelectron microscopy can be classified into three methods, i.e., pre-embedding, postembedding, and nonembedding methods, on the basis of the step during which the immunoreaction is applied to the biological specimens. Each method has both advantages and disadvantages, so we should select the method according to the biological purpose. An overview of immunoelectron microscopy is given, and several electron micrographs using immunohistochemical techniques are shown.