著者
森村 敏己
出版者
The Japanese Society for the History of Economic Thought
雑誌
経済学史学会年報 (ISSN:04534786)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.30, no.30, pp.37-45, 1992 (Released:2010-08-05)

This essay discusses the thoughts of Helvétius, by focusing on the reaction to his first book De l'esprit, which evoked an furious outcry, not only from the religious authorities but from the philosophes.It is his egoistic hedonism that has become the target of criticism. Helvétius asserted that the man is necessarily governed by the pleasure and pain derived from the senses. The Church attacked this theory as destructive to the Christianity and the philosophes opposed the sympathy or the natural goodness in human nature to Helvétius's selfish principles. These critics, however, underestimated the role of “Honour” in his moral philosophy. Helvétius argued that the man, selfish as he is, should contribute to the public interest, provided that his virtuous action would be dully rewarded with the esteem of the public. Thus Honour comes to be the key to his moral science. But in France under the Ancien Régime, this moral sanction did not work efficiently, because the political power was exclusively occupied by the aristocracy whose interest was opposed against the public interest. Helvétius, therefore, demands a radical reform that will make it possible to controll the government by the public interest.