著者

橘 ヒサ子 伊藤 浩司

出版者

北海道大学

雑誌

環境科学 : 北海道大学大学院環境科学研究科紀要 (ISSN:03868788)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.4, no.1, pp.13-79, 1981-03-23

被引用文献数

2

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In the present paper, the authors dealt with syntaxonomy of mire vegetation, and the relationship between distribution of plant communities classified and habitat conditions in Yufutsu Mire, in Province of Iburi, Central Hokkaido. Yufutsu Mire, which is sometimes called "Yufutsu Genya" in Japanese, is situated at 42°40' NL and 141°45' EL, and extends about 8km in the N-S direction and 10 km in the E-W direction in its dimension. Topographically, most of the mire vegetation is found on a flooplain developed in the tributaries of the Abira and Yufutsu, and some is found on the flat bottom of valleys at Kashiwabara and Shizukawa plateaus. In landscape, the present mire is characterized by having several pools and ponds, some of which attains 2-4 m in the max. depth. Increasing human interferences such as the river improvement works, manufacturing industries, agricultural activities, land reclamation etc. have damaged the mire vegetation so drastically that most of the vegetation has been destroyed, deteriolated and modified considerably, and that the rest of the original vegetation is on the brink of ruin. The classification of plant communities was based upon the principle of the Sociation-Association system. Fifty-nine sociations (including consociations and facies) and five associations (including two new ones) are recognized. Plant communities classified are as follows ; A. Hhydrophytic communities : a. Submerged plant community-1. the Vallisneria asitica-Hydrilla vertillata soc., 2. the Potamogeton heterophyllus soc., 3. the Potamogeton heterophyllus-Schonoplectus tabernaemontani soc. and 4. the Polamogeton. praelongus-Typha latifolia fragmentary soc. ; b. Floating-leaf communities-5. the Trapetum japonicae Ito, et al. 1970, 6. the Nymphaea tetragona var. tetragona-Utricularia japonica soc. and 7. the Brasenia schreberi-Potamogeton heterophyllus soc. ; c. Emergedplant communities-8. the Nuphar japonicum-Utricularia japonica soc., 9. the Zizania latifolia-Potamogeton heterophyllus soc., 10. the Menyanthes trifoliata-Brasenia schreberi soc., 11. the Schoenoplectus tabernaemontani-Eleocharis kamtshatica soc., 12. the Schoenoplectus tabernaemontani-Equiseturn fluviatile*Hippuris vulgaris soc., 13. the Schoenoplectus tabernaemontani facies and 14. the Hyppuris vulgaris facies, 15. the Zizano-Phragmitetum Nakano, 1944. B. Marsh vegetation : 16. the Eleocharis kamtschatica-Hippuris vulgar is-Equisetum fluviatile soc., 17. the Eleocharis kamtschatica-Juncus papillosus soc., 18. the Eriocaulon deconflorum (・Eriocaulon monococcon)-Carex viridula soc. 19. the Eriocaulon monococcon-Juncus papillosus soc., 20. the Rhynchospora alba-Rhynchospora faberi soc., 21. the Eriophorum gracile-Carex limosa soc. C. Fen vegetation : 22. the Carex lyngbyei-Carex vesicaria soc., 23. the Carex lyngbyei-Calamagrostis langsdorffli soc., 24. the Carex -visicaria-Carex thunbergii soc., 25. the Carex thunbergii-Juncus papillosus soc., 26. the Carex thunbergii-Equisetum fluviatile soc., 27. the Carexkoidzumii-Eriophorum gracile soc., 28. the Carex koidzumii-Carex pseudocuraica soc., 29. the Myrico-Caricetum koidzumii (=the Myrico-Caricetum lariocarpae var. occultantis) Ko. Ito et Tachibana, assoc. nov. (1) the Carex koidzumii-Rhynchospora fauriei soc., (2) the Carex koidzumii consoc., (3) the Carex koidzumii-Calajnagrostis langsdorffii soc. and (4) the Carex koidzumii-Phragmites japonica soc. 30. the Lathyro-Calamagrostidetum langsdorffii Ko. Ito et Tachibana, assoc. nov. (1) the Calamagrostis langsdorffii-Carex lyngbyei soc., (2) the Calamagrostis langsdorffii-Lastrea thelypteris var. pubescens soc. and (3) the Calamagrostis langsdorffii consoc., 31. the Phragmites communis assoc. (1) the Phragmites communis-Carex lyngbyei soc., (2) the Phragmites communis-Carex thunbergii soc. (3) the Phragmites communis-Carex pseudocuraica soc. and (4) the Phragmites communis-Calamagrotis langsdorffii soc. D. Moss vegetation : 32. the Scirpus hudsonianus-Sphagnum imbricatum soc., 33. the Scirpus hudsonianus-Sphagnum palustre soc., 34. the Scirpus hudsonianus-Sphagnum subfulvum soc., 35. the Scirpus hudsonianus-Ledum palustre var. diversipilosum-Polytrichum juniperinum var. gracillius soc. and 36. the Hydrangea paniculata-Lastrea thelypteris var. pubescens-Sphagnum subfulvum soc. E. Alder vegetation : 37. the Alnus japonica var. arguta-Phragmites communis soc., 38. the Alnus japonica var. arguta-Calamagrostis langsdorffii soc., 39. the Alnus japonica var. arguta-Phragmites communis-Lastrea thelypteris var. pubescens soc., 40 the Alnus japonica var. arguta-Myrica gale var. tomentosa-Sphagnum subfulvum soc., 41. the Alnus japonica var. arguta-Myrica gale var. tomentosa-Lastrea thelypteris var. pubescens soc., 42. the Alnus japonica var. arguta-Spiraea salicifolia soc. and 43. the Alnus japonica var. arguta-Sasa apoiensis soc. F. Substitute vegetation : a. Thicket and Scrub-44. the Alnus japonica var. arguta-Hydrangea paniculata-Miscanthus sinensis-Lastrea thelypteris var. pubescens soc., 45. the Alnus japonica var. arguta*Hydrangea paniculata-Calamagrostis langsdorffii soc., 46. the Alnus japonica var. arguta-Hydrangea paniculata-Miscanthus sinensis-Polygonum ・weyrichii soc., 47. the Alnus japonica var. arguta-Polygonum rueyrichii soc., 48. the Myrica gale var. tomentosa-Ledum palustre var. diver-sipilosum soc. and 49. the Myrica gale var. tomentosa-Carex viridula soc. b. Herbaceous plant communities-50. the Calamagrostis langsdorffii-Lastrea thelypteris var. pubescens'Aster novi-belgii soc., 51. the Miscanthus sinetisis-Rubus parvifolius soc., 52. the Miscanthus sinensis-Polygonum weyrichii soc. and the Polygonum rveyrichii consoc. In this classification, two new associations are proposed ; the Myrico-Caricetum koidzumii (=the Myrico-Caricetum lasiocarpae var. occultantis) Ko. Ito et Tachibana and the Lathyro-Calamagrostidetum langsdorffii Ko. Ito et Tachibana. The former association is characterized by the predominance of Carex koidzumii and Myrica gale var. tomentosa and the frequent occurrence of some Sphagna and bog components. The latter is characterized by the predominance of Calamagrostis langsdorffii in association with Lathyrus palustris var. pilosus, and the frequent occurrence of Rubia jesoensis, Lysimachia thyrsiflora, Carex pseudocuraica, Lastrea thelypteris var. pubescens. The two associations mentioned above might be the typical communities developed in the boreal fen in Japan, and particularly distribute commonly in lowland mires of central and eastern parts of Hokkaido. The alder thicket occupies the margin of the mire which corresponds to "carr" vegetation of the British Isles. The components of the thicket are mainly Alnus japonica var. arguta, Phragmites communis, Calamagrostis langsdorffii, Spiraea salicifolia, Hydrangea paniculata, Myrica gale var. tomentosa and Lastrea thelypteris var. pubescens. The mire developed on floodplains is mostly occupied by various types of fen vegetation. The Phragmites communis assoc., Carex lyngbyei-C. vesicaria soc. and C. vesiceria-C. thunbergii soc. are found in the shallow depressions at the shores of ponds and rivers, which are frequently submerged in early spring, while the Lathyro-Calamagrostidetum langsdorffii is found on the convex and/or moderately sloping sites of the mire, which are saturated with water in soils. The Myrico-Caricetum koidzumii occurs usuallyarea between the alder thicket and the Lathyro-Calamagrostidetum langsdorffii. The characteristic marsh and Sphagnum communities are mainly found at Kashiwabara valley. In the center of the bottom of the valley, the Rhynchospora alba-R. faberi soc., the Eriocaulon decemflorum (・E. monococcon)-Carex viridula soc., the E. monococcon-Juncus papillosus soc. and the Eriophorum gracile-C. limosa soc. are established on thick muddy soils. Among them the first community occurs on the slightly convex sites on which mosses remain accumulate and are mingled with silts, the second and the third communities are on the depression and the fourth community is developed around the shores of ponds. Many Sphagnum hummocks distribute sporadically on the margins of the valley. The Scirpus hudsonianus-Sphagnum inibricatum soc. and the S. hudsonianus-Sph. palustre soc. occur on lower hummocks, and the S. hndsonianus-Sph. subfulvum soc. occurs on taller hummocks Moreover, the S. hudsonianus-Ledum palustre var. diversipilosum-polytrichum juniperinum var. gracillius soc. occurs on the summit of taller hummocks, and the Alnus japonica var. arguta-Myrica gale var. tomentosa-Sph. subfulvum soc. occurs on the summit of older and lower hummocks, which reflect the final stage of the Sphagnum hummocks in this mire vegetation. The distribution of plant communities classified is controlled by the micro-relief, the seasonal fluctuation of underground water level and the sedimentation of mud carried in flood. As a result of the eco-sociological analyses of the soil profiles and actual vegetation, it is proved that most of the Yufutsu mire vegetation was originated from eutrophic reed swamps at a starting point of the terrestrial vegetation, and that the valley mire of Kashiwabara plateau was originated from oligotrophic marshes which, had been developed on the impermeable volcanic ash accumulated on the flat bottom of valley.

著者

周 進 橘 ヒサ子

出版者

植生学会

雑誌

植生学会誌 (ISSN:13422448)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.21, no.2, pp.65-78, 2004

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2001年8月,木道設置後10年が経過した大雪山系天人ヶ原湿原において,メッシュ法による植生調査を行い,ラスターGISの手法で現存植生図を作成し,荒廃地の植生回復と植生変化について検討した.2001年と1981/1988年のデータをあわせて258個の植生調査資料を二元指標種分析で解析した結果,池塘と小凹地の植生2タイプ,ローンの植生6タイプ(このうち,3タイプは荒廃地の代償植生),ササ群落2タイプ,高木群落2タイプが識別された.今回作成した植生図と1988年作成の植生図を比較した結果,大面積を占めるヤチカワズスゲ-クロバナギボウシ/タチギボウシ群落は33.8%から30.1%に,また荒廃地の面積は22.4%から19.5%にそれぞれ減少した.湿原植生の73.4%(面積)は変化していなかったが,20.1%に進行遷移が,また6.5%に退行遷移がみられた.変化した面積の68.1%は荒廃地であった.荒廃地では代償植生のミタケスゲ-ヤチカワズスゲ群落が減少し,回復植生の1タイプであるミヤマイヌノハナヒゲ-ウキヤバネゴケ群落が著しく増加した.ササ群落や高木群落にはほとんど変化がなかった.天人ヶ原湿原では木道の設置によって踏みつけによる植生破壊が防止された結果,荒廃地の自然回復が加速されたものと考えられた.

著者

橘 ヒサ子 伊藤 浩司

出版者

北海道大学

雑誌

環境科学 : 北海道大学大学院環境科学研究科紀要 (ISSN:03868788)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.3, no.1, pp.73-134, 1980-03-28

被引用文献数

1

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1.北海道最北端日本海側海岸低地に発達しているサロベツ湿原の群落分類をおこない,また湿原の一部に線状調査区を設けて群落の分布と立地条件との関係について解析,記述し,湿原の発達と植生遷移について考察した。2.本湿原の群落分類の結果,水生植物群落について3群集,1群落,8基群集,沼沢地および低層湿原植生について2群集6群落18基群集,高層湿原植生について6群集1群落23基群集を認めた。さらに湿原周辺草本群落について1群落,森林群落について6群落を認めた。3.本湿原構成群落のうち,新しい群集としてヒメカイウ-ミツガシワ群集を認め,その分布と群落構造の特徴について記述した。4.尾瀬ヶ原湿原との比較の結果,本湿原を特徴づける群落は高層湿原ではチャミズゴケ群集,ガンコウラン-スギゴケ基群集,ガソコウラン-地衣類基群集,また沼沢地および低層湿原植生ではヒメカイウ-ミツガシワ群集,キタヨシ群集,チマキザサ群落,イワノガリヤス群落,ムジナスゲ群落,ヤラメスゲ群落があり,分布規模の大きさからも低層湿原植生の方に特異性のあることを明らかにした。5.群落の構造および分布と地形との関係から湿原周辺部はヤチハンノキ林と低層湿原であり中央部一帯が高層湿原になっていて,両者の中間にチマキザサ群落が広い面積で介在していることを知った。6.高層湿原はチマキザサ群落とスマガヤ群集より成る周縁複合体とhollow (pool)-hummock復合体,および余り顕著でない静止,侵蝕複合体からできており,池沼複合体の発達は微弱であるが明らかにされた。7.高層湿原の発達は構成群落の多様さと泥炭層の発達程度の両面からみて,上サロベツ湿原の方が下サロベツ湿原より著しいことを知った。8.阪口らの地史的研究成果を基礎とし,現存植生の群落型,その分布と立地条件との関係などの研究結果から本湿原の植物群落の推移系列を考察した。