著者

水澤 幸一

出版者

国立歴史民俗博物館

雑誌

国立歴史民俗博物館研究報告 = Bulletin of the National Museum of Japanese History (ISSN:02867400)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.182, pp.45-73, 2014-01

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本稿では、戦国期城館の実年代を探るための考古学的手段として、貿易陶磁器の中でも最もサイクルの早い食膳具を中心に十五世紀中葉~十六世紀中葉の出土様相を検討し、遺跡ごとの組成を明らかにした。まず、十五世紀前半に終焉をむかえる三遺跡をとりあげ、非常に器種が限られていたことを確認し、次いで十五世紀第3四半期の基準資料である福井県諏訪間興行寺遺跡の検討を行った。そして兵庫県宮内堀脇遺跡や京都臨川寺跡、山科本願寺跡、千葉県真里谷城跡、新潟県至徳寺遺跡等十二例と前稿で取り上げた愛媛県見近島城跡、福井県一乗谷朝倉氏遺跡などを加え、当該期の貿易陶磁比の変遷を示した。その結果、十五世紀代は青磁が圧倒的比率を占めており、十五世紀中葉の青花磁の出現期から十六世紀第1四半期までの定着期は、一部の高級品が政治的最上位階層に保有されたものの貿易陶磁器の主流となるほどの流入量には達せず、日本社会にその存在を認知させる段階に留まったと考えられる。そして青花磁が量的に広く日本社会に浸透するには十六世紀中葉をまたねばならなかったが、その時期は白磁皿がより多くを占めることから、青花磁が貿易陶磁の中で主体を占める時期は一五七〇年代以降の天正年間以降にずれ込むことを明らかにできた。器種としては、十六世紀以降白磁、青花磁皿が圧倒的であり、碗は青磁から青花磁へと移るが、主体的には漆器椀が用いられていたと考えられる。なお、食膳具以外の高級品についても検討した結果、多くの製品は伝世というほどの保有期間がなく、中国で生産されたものがストレートに入ってきていたことを想定した。As an archaeological means to explore the different time periods of tower houses during the Warring States period, this study examined aspects of the archaeological finds of the mid-15th to mid- 16th centuries with a focus on dining tableware that had the shortest life cycle among trade ceramics, and clarified the composition for each archaeological site.Firstly three sites dated to the end of the early 15th century were studied, and it was confirmed that the types of ware were very limited, followed by studies of the Suwama Kogyoji Temple site in Fukui Prefecture, which is a standard reference material of the 3rd quarter of the 15th century. Then, to indicate the transition of trade ceramics in the relevant period, 12 sites were examined, including Miyauchi Horiwaki in Hyogo Prefecture, Rinsenji Temple and Yamashina Honganji Temple in Kyoto Prefecture, Mariyatsu Castle in Chiba Prefecture, Shitokuji Temple in Niigata Prefecture, in addition to Michikajima Castle in Ehime Prefecture, and Ichijodani Asakura Clan Ruins in Fukui Prefecture, both of which were discussed in the previous paper.As a result, it was found during the 15th century, celadon porcelain accounts for an overwhelming percentage of finds. In the settlement period, from the first appearance of blue and white porcelain in the mid-15th century to the 1st quarter of the 16th century, some quality ware were owned by the highest political class, and the inflow levels of this type of porcelain ware did not reach those of the mainstream of trade ceramics, but it can be considered that its existence was generally known throughout Japanese society.It was not until the mid-1500s that increasing quantities of blue and white porcelain were found widely spread throughout Japanese society, but white porcelain dishes account for a higher percentage of finds; this clarified that the period in which blue and white porcelain accounts for the majority of such archaeological finds was extended to after the 1570s.From the 16th century, the main type of ceramic ware overwhelmingly found, were white porcelain, and blue and white dishes; china bowls shifted from celadon to blue and white porcelain, but it can be considered that lacquered bowls were more commonly used.Moreover, high-grade articles other than tableware were also examined, and the result shows that many articles had not been owned or passed on for generations as claimed, and it is assumed that ware produced in China was introduced directly.