著者

河元 由美子

出版者

日本英学史学会

雑誌

英学史研究 (ISSN:03869490)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.1998, no.30, pp.151-168, 1997 (Released:2010-05-07)

参考文献数

36

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The Glossary of English and Japanese Words' written by Ranald MacDonald (1824 -1894) contains a few words peculiar to the dialects of Northeastern Japan and those of Kyushu. About the Kyushu dialect, there have been comments by numbers of scholars, however, about the Northeastern dialect, no one but Dr. Yoshio Yoshimachi, has ever suggested the existence of Northeastern dialect in the MacDonald's 'Glossary'.This paper attempts to find out some phonological regularities in descriptions in the vocabulary of the 'Glossary' and determine the words in questions whether they are dialectal words or not, referring to the phonological characteristics observed in both dialects at present.Regarding the fact that MacDonald had been captured in Ezo, the present Hokkaido, for almost 3 months before being sent to Nagasaki, he must have heard the Japanese language spoken in that area. His first Japanese informant, Tangaro, is likely to be a temporary employee of the guard house in Rishiri Island, then under the control of the Soya Headquaters of the Bakufu. The history of the Northern Japan tells that there were numbers of military people despatched from northern parts of Honshu to Ezo to defend the land and the people from the Russian intrusion; besides them, many fishermen and farmers also crossed the Tsugaru Straits seeking the temporary jobs. Tangaro must have been one of them.This paper includes on the result of the interview check with the native speakers of the two representative cities, Aomori and Nagasaki, in order to check if the people there accept or approve of the words in questions in the MacDonld's 'Glossary' as their dialects. Also, other Word Lists written by foreign scholars such as Thumberg, Curtius, Sansom are refered to, to observe how they describe the Japanese dialectal words in their works.

著者

河元 由美子

出版者

日本英学史学会

雑誌

英学史研究 (ISSN:03869490)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.2007, no.39, pp.81-95, 2006 (Released:2009-09-16)

参考文献数

10

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“No Japanese can leave and return from abroad” was the law enforced during the time of the national isolation. This strict law had many tragic results for Japanese seamen who unavoidably drifted out to sea because of heavy storms.If luckily picked up by foreign ships passing, they were brought back to Japan by these kind foreigners, however, they were treated as violators of the law. They were forced not to move out, not to get aboard the ship again, or not to tell anything about their experiences abroad.This paper discusses the issue of whether or not these shipwrecked seamen ever told about what they saw or experienced in foreign countries. There are 3 private account telling about foreign life besides official records, kept secretly by local families.Yuunosuke, a shipwrecked Japanese seaman who stayed in San Francisco for a year under the care of Americans, and brought back to Shimoda, a newly opened port, in 1854, right after the Perry's Black Ship left Japan.Despite the prohibition he could not help but tell others about the other world he saw, and people were eager to hear his story. This fact may imply that the Government control prevented people's interest from growing. The government official in Shimoda tried to utilize his English communication ability by employing him as an official interpreter.The writer also discusses about his prompt learning of English during a short stay.