著者

小玉 敏子

出版者

日本英学史学会

雑誌

英学史研究 (ISSN:03869490)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.2000, no.32, pp.1-11, 1999 (Released:2009-09-16)

参考文献数

17

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Some twenty years ago, this writer referred to Exercises in the Yokohama Dialect in Yokohama in the Meiji Era. As Frank Daniels (1948) states, “for all its fooling (humorous 'English' spellings of Japanese words, mock-serious grammatical notes, etc.), ” the pamphlet shows its author to have been “an acute and accurate observer.” The review of the pamphlet in The Japan Gazette (Nov. 1, 1879), reprinted from The New Quarterly Magazine, indicates the author of the pamphlet was Hoffman Atkinson, though his name does not appear on any of the copies this writer has seen. Hoffman Atkinson was a resident of Yokohama for several years and later became secretary of the American Legation in St. Petersburg.No copy of the first edition has been found, but its review is found in The Japan Weekly Mail (Nov. 22, 1873). A copy of the second edition (1874), as well as some copies of the revised and enlarged edition, has been kept in the Yokohama Archives of History. The edition, revised and enlarged by “the Bishop of Homoco, ” was published in 1879, and has been reprinted many times, though the date of reprint is not always included.Some facts about F. A. Cope, whose pseudonym was “the Bishop of Homoco, ” and about John Grigor and Ng Choy, to whom, in addition to Max Muller, the pamphlet was dedicated, have been ascertained.

著者

井田 好治

出版者

日本英学史学会

雑誌

英学史研究 (ISSN:03869490)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.1969, no.1, pp.68-78, 1969 (Released:2009-09-16)

参考文献数

7

著者

遠藤 智比古

出版者

日本英学史学会

雑誌

英学史研究 (ISSN:03869490)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.1991, no.23, pp.41-55, 1990 (Released:2010-05-07)

参考文献数

26

---

Most current dictionaries say that “Kirin” is a correct Japanese translation of giraffe, which is an Arabic word meaning “fast walker.” Japanese and Chinese words usually use the same Chinese characters, but the Chinese word for giraffe is Changjinglu (長頸鹿) “long-necked deer”, whereas Kirin is a mythical animal that traditionally appeared in connection with the arrival of a saint.In the Ming dynasty, Kirin was used in the meaning of giraffe in China, some of which passages the writer found in 'The History of Ming (明史).'But as more people saw giraffes, they became more aware of the differences between Kirin and giraffe.In 1860, Gempo Mitsukuri tried translating the Latin name Camelopardalis (camel-panther) into 'Hyoda.'But in 1907 when the first giraffe was actually imported to Japan and called a Kirin by Dr. Chiyomatsu Ishikawa (first director of Ueno Zoo), “Kirin” became the official word in Japan.

著者

西川 考治郎

出版者

日本英学史学会

雑誌

日本英学史研究会研究報告 (ISSN:18839274)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.1965, no.9, pp.1-10, 1965-01-09 (Released:2010-11-17)

著者

高木 大幹

出版者

日本英学史学会

雑誌

英学史研究 (ISSN:03869490)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.1982, no.14, pp.73-86, 1981 (Released:2009-09-16)

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It is more than 25 years since Nobuyuki Imai passed away of liver cancer, and now is the time, I suppose, to talk about him, because 25 years is not so short, and suitable to take an objective view of him and his works. Soon after the war end, he came to Nara to hunt curios. He was a connoisseur of antique objects, and looked very happy in the ancient capital of Japan. I have not met him ever since. About five years later I was much shocked to hear of his decease, which might inevitably bring about the discontinuation of “Current of the World.” Talking of “Current of the World”, it made its first appearance in 1924, next year of the Kanto earthquake. It may be said that the kind of English magazine was being looked for by a lot of Japanese intellingentzia though there were two other big English magazines, “The Rising Generation” and “The Study of English.” He was a teacher and then became a journalist in English, whose experince was wonderfully put to practical use, the former to the foundation of “Weekly” and “Correspondence Course”, and the latter to “Current of the World.” He set up the Eigo-tsushinsha at Sendagi-cho, Hongo, which was transferred to Nishikata-cho, Hongo in 1919. He distinguished himself in his work. He made a hit with his “Weekly” which was read as a side-reader at almost all middle schools throughout Japan, and also “Current of the World” had a remarkable circulation. It seemed he swept away everything in his way. “Current of the World” had two major objects; one was giving reading materials in current English to intellectuals, and the other was Japanese English translation which was always in Imai's charge. And this was very famous with his unique remark. I hope the latter will be published as a book which, I believe, will be utterly helpful to university students and intelligent public persons. Imai had a rosy future with other plans, but World War II and his illness made them a very remote possibility. No, his death brought a close to everything.

著者

平田 諭治

出版者

日本英学史学会

雑誌

英学史研究 (ISSN:03869490)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.1994, no.26, pp.59-70, 1993 (Released:2009-10-07)

参考文献数

22

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“Kyoiku Chokugo” was formally introduced abroad by Dairoku Kikuchi in1907. The official English translation is the Imperial Rescript on Education which was based on Kikuchi's tentative translation. The purpose of this paper is to clarify the characteristics of the authorized version.Kikuchi prepared his translation of the Imperial Rescript relative to Education for his lectures on Japanese education at the University of London. His version was criticized in the English scholars' circles in Japan, and some other versions appeared before long. However, Kikuchi didn't support these versions, especially those written in biblical English.After that, the Imperial Rescript on Education was translated faithfully from the original, keeping the solemn tone. It was translated as the fundamental principle of Japanese education in order to gain approval overseas. The key word “Kokutai” in Japanese was changed from Kikuchi's “national constitution” to “the fundamental character of Our Empire”, and this is the only free translation in the official version. At London University, Kikuchi pointed out the importance of “Kokutai” to the British citizens and explained its translation, which symbolized the national characteristics of Japan before World War II.

著者

山下 英一

出版者

日本英学史学会

雑誌

英学史研究 (ISSN:03869490)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.1976, no.8, pp.83-91, 1975-09-30 (Released:2009-09-16)

参考文献数

16

---

福井の明新館でグリフィスに理化学と英語を習って, 後年, 名を成した学生のなかで, 特にグリフィスの強い影響下にあった一学生今立吐酔の経歴を明らかにしようと思う。

著者

長岡 祥三

出版者

日本英学史学会

雑誌

英学史研究 (ISSN:03869490)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.1996, no.28, pp.57-71, 1995 (Released:2009-09-16)

参考文献数

68

---

Theodora was born in 1870 at London, the eldest daugher of Saburo Ozaki and his English wife Bathia Catherine Morrison. Mr. Ozaki came back to Japan, leaving his wife and three daughters in London. He later divorced Bathia according to Japanese law, but she remained his wife under the laws of England. By mutual agreement, she sent her eldest daughter Theodora to Japan to be taken care of by her father.In May of 1887, Theodora came to Japan at the age of sixteen. A few years later she became independent of her father, working as a private tutor and an English teacher at some girls' schools. In 1891 Mrs. Hugh Fraser, the wife of a British minister, sympathized with Theodora and asked her to came to the legation as her private secretary and companion.Theodora spent several happy years with Mrs. Fraser, but the latter had to go back to her home in Italy due to her husband's death in 1894. Theodora followed her the next year and enjoyed many pleasant days with her and her family. She met there Francis Marion Crawford, the well-known novelist and the brother of Mrs. Fraser. He encouraged her to write a book of fairy tales she had told sometimes in the family circle.After an absence of four years she returned to Japan at the beginning of 1899 to teach English at Keio Gijuku. Her first book “The Japanese Fairy Book” appeared in 1903 and achieved great success. She wrote three more books of old Japanese stories which also gained fine reputations.In 1905 she married the famous politician Yukio Ozaki who was the Mayor of Tokyo at that time. Thereafter she lived a happy life with him until she died from an illness at London in 1932 during her visit with her husband and her two daughters.

著者

長岡 祥三

出版者

日本英学史学会

雑誌

英学史研究 (ISSN:03869490)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.1997, no.29, pp.1-12, 1996 (Released:2009-09-16)

参考文献数

54

---

Arthur Diosy was born in London in 1856. His father Martin was a Hungarian patriot who escaped to England when the revolution failed in 1849.Arthur had a great interest in Japan from his childhood, therefore he studied Japanese language and things Japanese by himself. He proposed the establishment of a society for the encouragement of Japanese studies in September of 1891. The inaugugural meeting of the Japan Society was held in April 1892, when he was nominated as honorary secretary and later became vice-chairman.He lectured about Japan many times all over the country and published a book “The New Far East” in 1898 which won great success. The following year he visited Japan with his wife for the first time, and received a great welcome from many Japanese people during their four-month-stay.He served as a chairman of the Japan Society from 1901 to 1904 and then became vice-president. He welcomed all of the royalties and eminent people of Japan who visited England with warmest hospitality until his death in 1923.

著者

遠藤 智夫

出版者

日本英学史学会

雑誌

英学史研究 (ISSN:03869490)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.2004, no.36, pp.101-116, 2003 (Released:2009-09-16)

参考文献数

23

---

In Makino Library (on the grounds of Kochi Prefecture's Makino Botanical Garden), the writer made a close examination of a first-edition copy of A Pocket Dictionary of the English and Japanese Language (sic) . The copy of that rare book is one of only seventeen still in existence, out of the two hundred copies printed in the Edo era in 1862. Dr. Tomitaro Makino, a worldfamous botanist, possessed a first edition of the Dictionary, and also had six copies of the Dictionary. Why did he have so many copies of the Dictionary and how did he use them in his study of botany?In the preface for the second edition of theDictionary, the composer HORIKOSI KAMENOSKAY (sic) said that the first edition contained a number of errors regarding the Japanese and Chinese names of Plants, Animals and Minerals that needed to be corrected and that he had done so with the kind assistance of his learned friends YANAGAWA SUNSAM (sic), TANAKA YOSIWO (sic) & others.When Dr. Makino was a young man, he visited Dr. Yoshio Tanaka, a noted naturalist, and Dr. Tanaka remained one of Dr. Makino's most important mentors throughout his life. No doubt Dr. Makino frequently consulted the second edition of the Dictionary to help him choose the exact equivalent in Japanese terms when he was writing An Illustrated Flora of Japan.This report is based on the paper read by the writer at the regular monthly meeting on November 2, 2002.

著者

今井 一良

出版者

日本英学史学会

雑誌

英学史研究 (ISSN:03869490)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.1985, no.17, pp.7-17, 1984-10-01 (Released:2010-02-22)

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Shigeko Uriu, nee Masuda is one of the first Japanese girl students sent to the U.S. in 1871. When she arrived at Washington D.C., she was only ten years old. In 1872 she was placed in the care of Rev. Dr. John S.C. Abbott in Fair Haven, Conn., and his daughter Miss Nelly Abbott became her second mother and teacher. For seven years she was brought up by Miss Abbott till she entered the Vassar College in Poughkeepsie, N. Y..In 1881, on her graduation from the Vassar College she came back to Japan. Next year she became a music teacher at the request of the Ministry of Education, and at the end of this year she got married to Sotokichi Uriu, a naval officer who was the first Japanese graduate of Annapolis. Thereafter besides teaching music and English at many schools, such as Tokyo Higher Girls' School, Tokyo Music School, and Tokyo Women's Higher Normal School, she lived to be a good wife and wise mother.On the 3rd of November, 1928, suffering from cancer of the rectum, she died at the age of sixty-seven.Now her fourth son is alive and has many articles left by his parents. Among them I found two interesting pieces of writing.One is her diary written in a notebook when she was at thirteen and fourteen years of age and the other is a document under the title of‘My recollections of the Early Meidji days’.The former is written in fairly good English, though it was only a few years since she began to learn English. According to her diary she often made a trip around New England with Miss Abbott every summer vacation, and in July the 7th, 1875, after listening to Longfellow ricite his poems, she met him in Brunswick, Main. She also confessed the Christian faith in this diary of hers.The latter written in 1927, the year before she died, was printed in the Japan Advertiser on the 11th of September that year. In this article the observation of her childhood and the various amusing events which happened before and after her sending to America are described vividly, and it is concluded with the following:Our stay of three years in America was prolonged to ten years during which time we enjoyed perfect freedom as all American young girls of good families enjoy and the memory of our young lives in that dear country will nevelr fade.

著者

沼倉 研史 沼倉 満帆

出版者

日本英学史学会

雑誌

英学史研究 (ISSN:03869490)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.1987, no.19, pp.91-108, 1986-11-01 (Released:2010-02-22)

参考文献数

55

被引用文献数

2

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Taizo Masaki, the first president of Tokyo Shokko Gakko (Tokyo Industrial School), is most prominently mentioned in “Yoshida Torajiro”, a short story by Robert Louis Stevenson. From 1876 to 1881, Masaki was in Great Britain supervising Japanese students. In the summer of 1878, he met Stevenson at Edinburgh, and told him about the Japanese anti-Shogunate revolutionary Shoin Yoshida, who was Masaki's teacher when he was a young boy. It is not clear, however, what precisely Masaki's main work in Britain involved. In this article, his history and achievements there will be described.Masaki was born on October 24, 1846 as the third son of Jiemon Masaki, a high ranking samurai in Choshu. Choshu was a hotbed or revolutionary activity against the centralized federal Shogunate regime, and many of his family were likewise revolutionaries, later assuming a number of important roles in the Meiji Revolution. Furthermore, there were many great revolutionaries and statesmen around him including Kaoru Inoue, Takayoshi Kido and Saneomi Hirosawa. Thus, the formation of Masaki's character doubtlessly was affected by them. When he was about thirteen years old, he attended Yoshida's private school, Shokason-Juku. He became the page of Motonori Mori, the Prince of the Daimyo Lord of Choshu. The Daimyo was cut off from the progressive camp, and so Masaki acted as his mesenger.After the Meiji Revolution of 1871, Masaki was dispatched to Great Britain to study modern mintage technology. In fact, however, he studied chemistry at University College in London. At this time, he met R. W. Atkinson and invited him to go to Japan as a professor of Tokyo Kaisei Gakko. In 1874, Masaki returned to Japan with Atkinson, and worked as an assistant professor for Atkinson for about two years at Tokyo Kaisei Gakko. He taught basic chemistry, including analytical chemistry and chemical experimentation. He was the first Japanese to teach modern Western chemistry in a Japanese university.In June, 1878, Masaki went to Great Britain again as the supervisor of new students newly selected for study abroad from Tokyo Kaisei Gakko, and stayed there for 5 years. In 1881, he came back from Britain, and became the first president of Tokyo Shokko Gakko (presently Tokyo Institute of Technology). For nine years, he worked earnestly to establish the first Western-style industrial school in Japan. In 1890, Masaki was transferred to the Foreign Office, and went to Honolulu as the consul general of Hawaii. But his life in Hawaii was not long. He returned to Japan in December 1892, and retired from public service for reasons of his health, and he died on April 5, 1896.Masaki's main accomplishment in Britain can be classified in terms of three categories. First, he took care of the Japanese students in Europe. We can read his annual reports from Britain, which describe the activities of his students. Secondly, he was able to find good teachers for new schools or universities in Japan. One of these was famous physicist Sir J. A. Ewing. In Edinburgh, along with Ewing, he also met Stevenson. It was during this time, that he gave Stevenson his account of his teacher Shoin Yoshida. Thirdly, he conducted research in the area of modern education in Europe. He worte many articles in Japanese educational journals, including translated articles or lectures and his own reports of experience in Great Britain.Taizo Masaki's achievements in Great Britain were important to education, particularly industrial education in early Meiji Era.

著者

松野 良寅

出版者

日本英学史学会

雑誌

英学史研究 (ISSN:03869490)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.1991, no.23, pp.99-113, 1990 (Released:2009-09-16)

参考文献数

27

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The calamity of the siege war of Wakamatsu Castle was beyond description. A group of daring women (joshigun) fought with halberds (naginata), while some mothers, thinking they would rather kill themselves than be encumbrances to the besieged or than fall into the enemy only to be outraged by them, stabbed their children and then fell on their swords.Sutematsu, a sister of a retainer, entered the castle with her mother and sisters and survived the war. She was lucky to be chosen one of the girl students sent to America and, leading a happy life at a Puritan home, graduated from Vassar College with unprecedented honors. Soon after she came back to Japan she wrote a letter to an American friend of hers, saying : though they often say of dying for the honor of their country, I beieve it is much more difficult to live than to die for the country and what Japan needs most is a long sustained effort that can be made only by those who are anxious to serve this country.We may say that Western learning in Aizu started early in the Meiji era when Yamakawa Kenjiro and her sister Sutematsu were sent to America for learning English studies by Kaitakushi (a government agency for the development of Hokkaido).This paper concerns how English studies influenced upon Oyama Sutematsu who was typical of those women that, after living through the calamity of the siege war, led trag ical lives at their early age and eventually found a new way of living by the chance to learn and appreciate Cristianity and its culture.

著者

遠藤 智夫

出版者

日本英学史学会

雑誌

英学史研究 (ISSN:03869490)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.1994, no.26, pp.71-83, 1993

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It is well known that the English word "philosophy" was translated into Japanese as<I>tetsugaku</I>by Amane Nishi.<BR>The writer makes clear the circumstances under which Nishi coined the term<I>tetsugaku</I>.<BR>However, before Nishi coined it, the word<I>rigaku</I>was the term most com-monly used to mean "philosophy." <BR>In 1791-92, in a translation of a Dutch book on astronomy, YoshinagaMotoki translated "philosophy" into various terms, such as 儒教・智学・窮理学・性理学・性理術. This was the first recorded translation of "philosophy" into these terms. And after twenty years, in a few Dutch-Japanese or English-Japanese dictionaries compiled around 1810, we can find the word<I>rigaku</I> (理学).A case can be made that Yoshinaga Motoki and Dutch interpreters played an important role in the translation of the word "philosophy" into Japanese. But why did<I>tetsugahu</I>come to replace<I>rigaku</I>as the commonly accepted translation when<I>rigaku</I>had been used for so many years.<BR>After presenting a report at the regular monthly meeting in April, 1993, the writer tried to throw new light on this question, as well as on the issues of why opinions are divided on the books in which the term<I>tetsugaku</I>appeared, and why "philosophy" was not translated into its exact Japanese equivalent<I>aichigaku</I> (愛智学).

著者

手塚 竜麿

出版者

日本英学史学会

雑誌

英学史研究 (ISSN:03869490)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.1974, no.6, pp.5-17, 1973

著者

速川 和男

出版者

日本英学史学会

雑誌

日本英学史研究会研究報告 (ISSN:18839274)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.1968, no.95, pp.7-11, 1968-05-18 (Released:2010-11-17)

著者

池田 哲郎

出版者

日本英学史学会

雑誌

日本英学史研究会研究報告 (ISSN:18839274)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.1965, no.23, pp.1-17, 1965-09-04 (Released:2010-11-17)

参考文献数

32

著者

宮田 和子

出版者

日本英学史学会

雑誌

英学史研究 (ISSN:03869490)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.1998, no.30, pp.125-136, 1997 (Released:2010-01-25)

参考文献数

6

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W. H. Medhurst's Chinese and English Dictionary (1842-1843) is composedby all the words found in the Chinese Imperial Dictionary (康熙字典) “with the exception of those which have either no sound or no meaning attached to them”, as the preface says.Medhurst's initial intention was to compile an English and Chinese dictionary. However, due to the insufficient data and the awareness of his own limited ability, he decided to produce a Chinese and English dictionary first and then compile an English and Chinese dictionary by reversing it.The purpose of this thesis is to clarify the scope of influence that Kang-hi Tsztien (康熙) and Morrison's 字典 (MOR, published in 1815~1823) had on Medhurst's Chinese and English Dictionary (MED).Investigation was made using the vocabulary entries under [人] (radical 9) and [門] (radical 169) as samples.The results show that MOR has great influence on MED in the beginning, but before getting to the middle of the dictionary, its influence diminishes and a direct influence of 康熙 on MED becomes stronger.The next step will be to conduct further research on both MOR and MED.

著者

石原 千里

出版者

日本英学史学会

雑誌

英学史研究 (ISSN:03869490)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.1989, no.21, pp.37-60, 1988-10-01 (Released:2010-08-10)

参考文献数

40

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Tsunenosuke Namura was one of the 14 lucky students of Ranald Mac-Donald, the first American who taught English to the Japanese official Dutch interpreters for about seven months while he was imprisoned at Nagasaki in 1848. Gohatiro Namura was the chief interpreter of the first Japanese embassy to the United States in 1860. He was also one of the interpreters when the treaty of peace and amity was signed between the United States and Japan in 1854 through the efforts of Commodore M. C. Perry. At that time Gohatiro already had a certain knowledge of English, and because of this, Tsunenosuke was sometimes mistaken for Gohatiro or his father Sadagoro.This paper presents the results of the author's research of the Namura genealogy. Tsunenosuke and Gohatiro were two different persons, but were descendants of the same ancestor, Hachizaemon Namura, who started to work as Dutch interpreter in 1640.The numerous achievements of the members of the Namura family not only in the international relations but also in the teaching and learning of Dutch and English languages during the period of more than 200 years are described.

著者

今井 一良

出版者

日本英学史学会

雑誌

英学史研究 (ISSN:03869490)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.1983, no.15, pp.15-32, 1982

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On the 13th of February, 1860, the U. S. Steam Frigate Powhatan left Yokohama for the United States taking on board the members of the first Japanese Embassy to the U. S. Among them there were two men who had relation to the Kaga Clan. One is Kanae Sano and the other is Onojiro Tateishi. Sano had already been a professor of gunnery in Kaga then, but Tateishi, who was then a probationer interpreter, became an English teacher of Kanazawa School of English in Kaga ten years later.<BR>It is common knowledge that Tateishi was nicknamed &ldquo;Tommy&rdquo; and was a star among the American ladies.<BR>At sea some of the members learned English and Sano wrote this in a letter to a friend of his in Kaga. In it he mentioned that the chaplain, the Rev. Mr. Wood taught English to them through the assistance of Tommy.<BR>It goes without saying that Tommy was often reported in the American newspapers, but it is striking that Sano was also reported in the papers despite of his low position. The intellectual ability and culture which he exhibited impressed so many Americans.<BR>After he visited six countries in Europe joining the Takeuchi Mission to Europe in 1862, making good use of his experiences he devoted himself to the various fields of duties such as military affairs, diplomacy, education, etc. for the benefit of the Kaga Clan.<BR>After the Meiji Restoration he was appointed to an officer of the Ministry of Military Affairs by the new Japanese Government, and in 1871, in Tokyo he established the Kyoryu Gakko, a school in which the practical English was taught.<BR>He died of cholera on the 22nd of October, 1877 at the age of 47.<BR>Tommy was the second son of a retainer of the Tokugawas and born in 1843. His name was Keijiro Komeda, but as he could take part in the Japanese Embassy to the U. S. in the capacity of the adopted son of his uncle Tokujuro Tateishi, interpreter, his name was given as Onojiro Tateishi.<BR>After coming back to Japan he was appointed to the interpreter attached to the American legation in Yedo, and at the same time he kept an English school and taught many students.<BR>Through the period of the Meiji Restoration he engaged in battle against the new Government, and was injured in the leg. After the war he came back to Tokyo, but he changed his name into Keijiro Nagano so as not to be arrested.<BR>In 1872 he took part in the Iwakura Mission to America and Europe, visiting the U. S. and eleven European countries.<BR>After returning to Japan he successively held the posts of an officer of the Ministry of Industry and the Authorities of Hokkaido Development. From 1887 till 1889 he went to Hawaii as the superintendent of Japanese emigrants.<BR>Afterwards, for about eighteen years since 1891 he had been serving the Osaka High Court as an interpreter, and died on the 13th of January, 1917.