著者

小林 良生 浜谷 康郎

出版者

日本科学史学会

雑誌

科学史研究 (ISSN:21887535)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.49, no.254, pp.78-90, 2010 (Released:2021-08-02)

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In the 13^<th> Scroll "the Zusho (no) ryo (the Documentation Bureau) " in "the Codes of Engi (the Engishiki) " completed in 927 AD, there are four articles concerning the oldest paper technology, i.e., " the annual papermaking article (nenryoshi-jo) ", "the paper flower article (shika-jo) ", "the article of raw materials for paper (shiryo-jo) " and "the article of one day's norms of papermakers in the each process (zoshi-jo) ". These articles described the lists of raw materials, expendables, tools and equipments for papermaking including their quantities, volumes or sizes. This was because the Zusho (no) ryo mentioned the duties of supplying all amounts of paper used in the Imperial Court. In this study with the intention of grasping the papermaking methods in the old days, the description of the articles mentioned above were construed word for word and all the tools and equipments as well as expendables were carefully examined from the view-points of their usage and applications. The manipulation to arrange suitably these tools and equipments as well as expendables with the papermaking process resulted in building up the image of the papermaking ways in the ancient times. On the base of the amounts of raw materials and the paper made thereof, the basis weights of thick colored paper, thin paper-mulberry paper and gampi paper as well as the pulping yield of the bast fibers were calculated, respectively. The bast fibers were found to be cooked with addition of 20-30wt% alkali from ashes with yielding 58%. The paper was made by using an oblong mould in an oblong vessel, which has supposedly stimulated to shake during papermaking and to transfer from Tamezuki to Nagashizuki. In the process of drying wet paper, it was found that the width of drying board was narrower than those of wet papers, which obliged to stick them on the board with folding the edge of the wet paper by aid of a kind of glue. By comparison of the one day's norms of papermaking the reason was made clear why hemp cloth and Sophora flavescens disappeared from the list of raw materials for papermaking. Finally the method of the dyeing paper for paper flowers was clarified.