著者

渡辺 直登 水井 正明 野崎 嗣政

出版者

経営行動科学学会

雑誌

経営行動科学 (ISSN:09145206)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.5, no.2, pp.75-83, 1990-10-31

被引用文献数

1 5

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Seniority and permanent employment systems of Japanese companies have been gradually eroded by recent drastic changes in the business environment. Many companies have begun to recognize the importance of utilization of contingent man power to attain their managerial goals. The purpose of this study is to investigate the characteristics of work stress, organizational commitment, and career plans of contingent workers. A questionnaire survey was conduded for 243 contingent and 163 full-time workers. The results showed that: (1) the contingent workers are exposed to work stressors (role ambiguity and conflict) more frequently and experience stronger depressional feelings than the full-time workers, (2) the contingent workers have weaker organizational commitment than the full-time workers, and (3) intention of turnover is closely related to the extent of organizational commitment for both groups. The authors conclude that the mental and physical work conditions of contingent workers are not as good as we tend to expect to be. The authors suggest that contingent workers' confidence in their own professional skills and knowledge should play an important role to maintain their health conditions and vocational identity.

著者

矢冨 直美 渡辺 直登

出版者

経営行動科学学会

雑誌

経営行動科学 (ISSN:09145206)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.10, no.1, pp.23-34, 1995-07-30

被引用文献数

2

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Many studies on organizational stress have been accumulated in last two decades. This field of study, however, is now facing serious problems with respect to its model development and methodology of stress measurement. The purpose of this study was to explore the feasibility of application of IRT analysis to an organizational stress research for overcoming the problems. The data on PSRS (Psychological Stress Response Scale) obtained from 1,410 employees working for a computer manufacturing company were analyzed by IRT. The results suggested; (1) Seven out of 53 PSRS items does not maintain appropriate item characteristics, and (2) PSRS is useful for measuring the persons whose latent trait (stress response) are relatively high. It was also discussed that procedures of IRT analysis could be utilized not only to item analysis but also to model development of study on organizational stress.

著者

木島 伸彦 渡辺 直登

出版者

経営行動科学学会

雑誌

経営行動科学学会年次大会 : 発表論文集

巻号頁・発行日

no.17, pp.199-204, 2014-11-08

著者

西田 豊昭 渡辺 直登

出版者

経営行動科学学会

雑誌

経営行動科学学会年次大会 : 発表論文集

巻号頁・発行日

no.14, pp.483-489, 2011-11-26

著者

渡辺 直登 WATANABE Naotaka

出版者

名古屋大学教育学部

雑誌

名古屋大學教育學部紀要 (ISSN:03874796)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.29, pp.263-277, 1982-12-28 (Released:2006-01-06)

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The purpose of the present syudy is to investigate the relationships between job satisfaction and mental health status of people who work in organizations. To attain this goal, Alderfer's ERG theory was employed as the framework of measuring job satisfaction. 336 male employees belonging to three different kinds of organizations served as respondents: 169 respondents of an electric power company, 101 respondents of a bank, and 66 respondents of a manufacturing company. Two kinds of questionnaires and an inventory were administered to these groups. They were the Need Satisfaction Questionnaire (NSQ), Need Importance Questionnaire (NIQ), and Cornell Medical Index (CMI). NSQ and NIQ are questionnaires developed by the author which include 27 items reflecting the concepts of Existence need, Relatedness need, and Growth need based on ERG theory. Each ERG need category has 9 items. The degrees of need satisfaction and need importance of each respondent in terms of each need category were indicated by the total scores on 5-point scales. The reliabilities of the both questionnaires were sufficiently high (coefficient alpha of each test ranged from .708 t0 .879). CMI was utilized to measure the degree of mental health of each respondent. In order to evaluate the responses to CMI, the discriminative chart of neurosis developed by Fukamachi et al. was used. The chart is said to be able to resolve the respondents' neurotic tendencies into four levels: normal (region I), provisionally normal (region II), provisionally neurotic (region III), and neurotic (region IV). Major findings were as follows: (1) It was found that the ERG need category is valid as a whole. (2) There existed a strong relationship between the employees' mental health status and his degree of job satisfaction. (3) The mental health status partly moderates the relationships between need satisfaction and need importance (need desire) as proposed by ERG theory. Regarding the first finding, factor analyses elicited three factors reflecting E, R, and G needs in the NSQ and NIQ. Although there appeared to be some overlapping items and relatively high correlations among the three factors, the factor analyses demonstrated relatively clear tri-factorial structures. This may indicate that the ERG need category is appropriate for exploring the need structure of Japanese employees. Regarding the second finding, the result of the multiple comparisons of the degree of job satisfaction in terms of CMI regions showed significant differences in every case. This result provides evidence that there is a clearly resolvable difference in the degree of job satisfaction between employees who maintain mental health and those who do not. Examining this result, it can be said in general that those who have less job satisfaction are apt to suffer from the more serious neurotic disorder. Regarding the third finding, the collective data of the respondents who were diagnosed to be normal by CMI showed the expected significant positive correlation in terms of the relationships of E need satisfaction - R need importance, R need satisfaction - G need importance, and G need satisfaction - G need importance. On the other hand, the collective data of the respondents who were diagnosed to be provisionally neurotic or neurotic showed negative rather than positive correlations in each of the three satisfaction - importance relationships. This result might mean that the need satisfaction - need desire hypothesis of ERG theory originated from the Maslow's need hierarchy theory is relevant for those who have no neurotic tendencies but is less relevant for those having such tendencies.

著者

高橋 弘司 野口 裕之 安藤 雅和 渡辺 直登

出版者

経営行動科学学会

雑誌

経営行動科学 (ISSN:09145206)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.13, no.2, pp.113-123, 1999-11-20

被引用文献数

1

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Organization image, defined as psychological reproduction of organization made by individual who is a member of or is involved in the organization, has been less examined in the past research. Instead, quite a few research dealing with "non-membership" image, which was built by non-member or non-involved person of the organization, have been conducted. It is inconsistent with the definition of image literally, which has an affinity for impression toward object. In this article, we developed a new scale to measure membership image of organization, tested its reliability and validity, and revealed item characteristics of the scale items using graded response model of Item Response Theory (IRT). Questionnaire survey was executed to 3,412 university, college, or junior college students who were informally promised their first job employment. Results of exploratory factor analysis showed that factor structure was consistent with the notion on which the scale was based, and discriminant validity of the scale and reliability of each subscale yielded as high. Results brought by IRT analyses also showed general tendencies that each value of item characteristics parameter emerged high in discriminant and relatively low in difficulty. Further discussion was made about (1) dimensionality of the scale and its overall feasibility; (2) psychodynamic account for organizational image; and (3) future direction to improve validity of the scale.