著者

瀬戸 武司

出版者

島根大学

雑誌

島根大学教育学部紀要. 自然科学 (ISSN:05869943)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.29, pp.1-29, 1995-12

---

Amphibian animals belonging to order Anura were listed 23 families, 302 genera and 3512 species (Frost 1985). In the whole amphibian species about 87% are anurans which distribute all over the world except the arctic and antarctic regions. Karyological studies have been accelerated in a couple of decades by the development of sophisticated techniques in anuran cytogenetics.13; The present paper prepared for overviewing the modern karyological studies for considering the karyoevolution in frogs and toads, as well as the systematic relations among families and genera.13; Duellman and Trueb (1986) described on hypothesized phylogenetic relationsips of 22 families of anurans including Palaeobatrachidae. They grouped these families into 7 branches on the cladgram based on analyzing 16 characters according to osteological, anatomical and behavioral evidences. These are as follows: 1) Leiopelmatidae and Discoglossidae, 2) Rhinophrynidae and Papidae, 3) Pelobatidae and Pelodytidae, 4) Myobatrachidae, Heleophrynidae, and Sooglossidae, 5) Leptodactylidae, Bufonidae, Brachycephalidae, Rhinodermatidae, Pseudidae , Hylidae, and Centrolenidae, 6) Dendrobatidae, Ranidae, Hyperoliidae and Rhacophoridae, and 7) Microhylidae. Although ambiguous premise remains on the cladgram as they mentioned, I am describing the article following their grouping of 21 families of living frogs and toads.13; The present paper concerns the karyological evidence of 11 families placed in the groups 1, 2, 3, 4 and two families of the group 5, as the first half part of the article on anuran karyoevolution.