2 0 0 0 OA 食事由来腸内細菌代謝産物、短鎖脂肪酸と宿主代謝制御
- 著者
- 木村 郁夫 畑野 泰子 長谷川 沙恵
- 出版者
- 日本脂質栄養学会
- 雑誌
- 脂質栄養学 (ISSN:13434594)
- 巻号頁・発行日
- vol.24, no.1, pp.33-40, 2015 (Released:2015-05-01)
- 参考文献数
- 18
Gut microbiota affects not only host immune system but also host nutrient acquisition and energy regulation, and thereby influencing the development of obesity and diabetes. Short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), produced by the gut microbial fermentation of dietary fiber, are essential host energy sources and signal molecules via G-protein coupled receptor GPR41 and GPR43. We report that these SCFAs receptors are involved in host energy homeostasis, GPR41 regulates sympathetic activity, and GPR43 regulates adipose-insulin signaling by sensing SCFAs. These results indicate that gut microbial metabolites regulate host homeostasis via novel molecular signal mechanism.
1 0 0 0 OA エイコサペンタエン酸エチル(EPA-E)の生体内動態保
- 著者
- 荻原 琢男 畑野 泰子
- 出版者
- 日本脂質栄養学会
- 雑誌
- 脂質栄養学 (ISSN:13434594)
- 巻号頁・発行日
- vol.24, no.1, pp.21-32, 2015 (Released:2015-05-01)
- 参考文献数
- 14
Eicosapentaenoic acid ethyl ester (EPA-E) with a high degree of purity is marketed as a medical supply. In vivo pharmacokinetics of EPA-E is examined in detail via animal experiments. Orally administered eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) is found in triglyceride (TG) in the rat intestine, and is absorbed via the lymphatic system. Moreover, EPA is gradually detected in cholesterol ester and phospholipid (PL) in blood. Whereas EPA is found in low density fractionation of lipoprotein such as chylomicron in the lymph fluid, it gradually transitions to high density fractionation in systemic circulation. EPA is distributed to several tissues such as fat, liver, heart, brain and aorta. Whereas EPA and its metabolized fatty acids are found in TG in fat, they are predominantly found in PL in the brain, liver and heart. EPA transforms systemically into docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) by chain elongation and subsequent desaturation after intestinal absorption. Interestingly, DHA is found in the brain earlier than in blood and the liver, suggesting the synthesis of DHA occurs in not only the liver but also the brain. This hypothesis is also supported by a recent clinical trial.