著者

皆川 三郎

出版者

日本英語教育史学会

雑誌

日本英語教育史研究 (ISSN:0916006X)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.7, pp.31-48, 1992-05-10 (Released:2012-10-29)

著者

皆川 三郎

出版者

日本英学史学会

雑誌

英学史研究 (ISSN:03869490)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.1980, no.12, pp.87-110, 1979-09-01 (Released:2009-09-16)

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Those captains and admirals like Haw kins, Drake, Raleigh, Lancaster, Frobisher, Michaelborne, brothers Middleton who did much for their country are recorded in the annals of history with words of high praises for their courage and daring exploits, but the common sailors of low rank are ignored even by historians. The latter were, in a sense, human resources, or rather the articles of consumption on which the British empire was built up. No matter what were their motives of going to sea, they were doomed to oblivion soon after their death. Such consideration of them awakened my interest in and sympathy with them.Thanks chiefly to the good offices of Mr. A. J. Farrington of the India Office Library and Records, who is a British member of our Society, I was able to get as many as forty-seven wills of the sailors including two officers, one of whom being Sir James Lancaster. As I follow these wills according to the chronological order, I feel like being brought into direct and living contact with them, and I learn at first hand how they looked at life, what were their religious ideas and human relations, what hardships they suffered, what were the things in which they were most interested, what were their physical and economic conditions.I have translatd into Japanese these wills that I have in hand, and put some comments on them for information of readers who may care to know about the sailors who, ninety out of one hundred, were “sicke of bodie” on the very eve of going “down to the seas again, to the lonely sea and the sky.”

著者

皆川 三郎

出版者

日本英学史学会

雑誌

英学史研究 (ISSN:03869490)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.1988, no.20, pp.1-20, 1987 (Released:2009-09-16)

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Piracy is the act of taking a ship on the high seas from the possession or control of those who are lawfully entitled to it. Therefore there was a traditional belief for centuries in England that the taking of a ship belonging to a power at war with England or taking one belonging to a non-treaty power was considered 'an honourable means of livelihood'. It was only when an English ship was attacked by a fellow countryman that this act was called piracy. One of the outstanding pirates who were captured and executed was Captain William Kidd (c. 1645-1701) who harassed the ships of the London East India Company on the seas along the southern coast of India. Consequently, because of his execution, the owners of English ships bound for India became more aware of the piratical dangers. Captain Kidd, however, cried out even on the scaffold that he was not guilty because he carried a letter of marque, a certificate of protection issued by the government when he left the land of America for the Island of Madagascar. I am not in a position now to discuss in detail whether or not he deserved execution, but I believe that Captain Kidd was made a pawn in a deadly political game.I have herein introduced three typical stories of pirates. The first is Sir Walter Scott's The Pirate published in 1822. The second is Captain Marryat's The Pirate published in 1836. The third one is taken from Pyle's Book of Pirates published in 1903. Pyle's book is a collection of the stories of pirates who sought their hideouts or dens on the small islands in the Caribbean Sea or on the eastern coast of America before the American Independence, or even after until telegraphic systems and steam-engines proved effective in pursuing those sea rovers.

著者

皆川三郎著

出版者

篠崎書林

巻号頁・発行日

1972