著者

石黒立人

出版者

愛知県埋蔵文化財センター

雑誌

愛知県埋蔵文化財センター研究紀要

巻号頁・発行日

no.7, 2006-03

著者

石黒 立人

出版者

国立歴史民俗博物館

雑誌

国立歴史民俗博物館研究報告 (ISSN:02867400)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.149, pp.335-348, 2009-03

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大規模集落には三つの類型があり,中期Ⅰ~中期Ⅲにかけて集住複合型,中期Ⅳに集住単純型,後期に分散複合型が現れる。集住複合型は自然成長的にではなく,多数の自立的な単位が集合して,当初から大規模な集落として成立した。それは"諸生産"を可能にするためであり,朝日遺跡では生業・手工業生産も集約化されて構成単位の多数性も大小の区画により整序された。自立的な単位が占地する小区画が大区画によってまとまる重層的な構成は墓域のまとまりと調和しており,大形方形周溝墓を核とする規模格差による構造化は高い統合度を現わしている。朝日遺跡が10km圏を超えてさまざまな影響を与えた背景こそ,多種多様な系譜をもつ諸要素を統合し融合させたからであり,それも"諸生産"の一部であった。集住単純型は人口動態の大規模変動に対応したものである。集住複合型の解体は凹線紋系土器の波及に示される《外圧》によって引き起こされたのであり,諸集団の通過や再結集,再配置への通過点が集住単純型であった。移動の継起点ではあったが,"生と死"が結び合う集落としての自己完結性に乏しいために大形掘立柱建物を軸とする象徴空間を必要とした。分散複合型は,典型的には環濠集落群として,あるいは環濠集落と非環濠集落からなる1km圏程度のまとまりとして構成される自立的な集落の結合体であり,単体としての大規模集落ではない。中期Ⅳ以降の集団再編成の中で,集落間分業の進展と集団間の序列化の中核になった。以上の経緯をたどって推移する大規模集落とは,離合集散を続ける集団のその時々の固有の条件に対応した現れであった。There are three types of large-scale Yayoi settlements: 1) compound-type settlements that existed from Middle I through Middle III; 2) the simple clusters of dwellings of Middle IV; and 3) scattered compound-type settlements in Late Yayoi.Compound-type settlements did not develop naturally, but were large settlements from the outset that were formed by the coming together of many independent units. This was to enable "various production." At the Asahi Site, the many units that were production collectives producing daily necessities and handcrafts were also organized in blocks of varying sizes. Large blocks with a stratified structure formed by bringing together independent units occupying small blocks are consistent with the organization of burial precincts. Structuring using differences in scale centered on large rectangular tomb mounds surrounded by a ditch is a manifestation of strong integration. It is precisely due to the various influences on the Asahi Site covering more than 10 kilometers that elements with a wide variety of genealogies were integrated, and this too was part of its "various production."Simple clusters of dwellings came about in response to massive changes in population dynamics. The demise of compound-type settlements was brought about by "outside pressure" as indicated by the spread of combed-pattern pottery, and these simple clusters of dwellings were a point of transition for the passage, regrouping and relocation of various groups. Although they were sites of successive migration, because they were not self-contained settlements where "life and death" took place, they required symbolic spaces centered on buildings with large earthfast posts.Scattered compound-type settlements were typically moated settlements or a combination of independent settlements made up of a group of moated and non-moated settlements covering an area of around one kilometer. On their own they were not large settlements. When groups were being restructured after Middle IV, they formed the nucleus of advances in the division of labor between settlements and the creation of a hierarchy among groups.Large settlements, which changed in the ways described above, responded to the intermittent and inherent conditions of groups which continued to assemble and disperse.