著者

清水 一 野村 友和

出版者

国立大学法人 東京大学大学院教育学研究科 大学経営・政策コース

雑誌

大学経営政策研究 (ISSN:21859701)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.12, pp.51-65, 2022 (Released:2022-05-10)

参考文献数

31

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In this study, we estimate the social rate of return to university education in Japan, considering the possibility of dropping out and repeating a grade. Although many studies have assessed the rate of return on university education, most have measured the rate of return by assuming that all students who enter a university will graduate without dropping out or repeating a grade. The percentage of students who drop out or are held back depends on the university’s type of establishment (public or private) and the level of admission severity. Such differences may lead to considerable variation in expected returns, depending on the university and faculty. We consider this and estimate the social rate of return for groups of universities and faculties categorized by type of establishment and admission severity. The results show that the rates of return to some private universities are lower if we consider the dropout and repeating years, and suggest the need for focused policies.

著者

高橋 易資 野村 友和 石間 経章 小保方 富夫

出版者

一般社団法人 日本機械学会

雑誌

日本機械学会論文集 B編 (ISSN:03875016)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.71, no.706, pp.1694-1701, 2005-06-25 (Released:2011-03-03)

参考文献数

17

被引用文献数

2 4

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A computational fluid dynamics (CFD) code with partial cells in Cartesian coordinate (PCC) method has been developed. The merit of this method is that input data preparation time is extremely short because computational mesh data are separated from geometry data. However, a general Cartesian coordinate method has a big subject in calculation accuracy. One of the factors is precision in geometry expression around the complicated shape, and another is a turbulence model near the wall because mesh is independent from the boundary and not fitted with it. Therefore, discretization equations were derived based on Finite Volumetric Method, and a combination of the wall function and a low Reynolds number k-ε turbulence model was proposed here. This paper describes implementation of this method and shows the results compared with experimental data by particle image velocimetry (PIV) at the steady flow in the cylinder of a 4-valves S.I. engine. The comparison results of velocity vector maps show good agreement between CFD and PIV.