著者

端 希子

出版者

国立大学法人 東京大学大学院教育学研究科 大学経営・政策コース

雑誌

大学経営政策研究 (ISSN:21859701)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.12, pp.225-240, 2022 (Released:2022-05-10)

参考文献数

14

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This study explores the mechanisms of career decisions among master’s degree students who do not wish to advance to doctoral programs, focusing on their perceptions of the relationship between universities and society and the factors that generate these perceptions. The decreasing number of doctoral students has been attributed to financial difficulties during students’ studies and the difficulty of finding employment after obtaining a doctorate, as well as poor employment conditions after. In addition to these problems, interviews with students reveal that the mechanisms that exclude doctoral study as a career choice also consist of social stresses and anxieties arising from a perception that being a researcher is a career that only has indirect impacts on society, and from a belief that research must be practical to be of social significance. This study also suggests that such social stress and anxiety may contribute to postgraduates’ underestimation of their research skills and aptitudes, which is one of the reasons for not going on to doctoral studies and is often perceived as a personal issue, as well as the potential for institutional and policy approaches to address them.

著者

島 一則 藤村 正司

出版者

国立大学法人 東京大学大学院教育学研究科 大学経営・政策コース

雑誌

大学経営政策研究 (ISSN:21859701)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.4, pp.23-36, 2014 (Released:2022-04-28)

参考文献数

24

被引用文献数

1

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In this paper, we demonstrate that graduate students received higher salaries than undergraduates in Japan, using a large data sample. In addition, we show that graduate students have a more successful university educational experience, assess the validity of university education higher, and invest in self-learning after graduation from university or graduate school more than undergraduate students. Further, we indicate that successful university educational experience, assessing the validity of university education higher, and investing in self-learning aftergraduation partially contribute to raising their earnings.

著者

高見 英樹

出版者

国立大学法人 東京大学大学院教育学研究科 大学経営・政策コース

雑誌

大学経営政策研究 (ISSN:21859701)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.13, pp.183-198, 2023 (Released:2023-07-11)

参考文献数

19

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This study aims to analyze the transformation of discussions over university autonomy during legislative debates in the Diet from the postwar period to the present, with a focus on what issues were discussed and how these issues have changed over time. This study revealed that the subject of debate has shifted from government interference in universities (external interference) to interference within universities (internal interference). It also shows that external organizations' interference has become diverse, and that the content of discussions on university autonomy has shifted from personnel intervention by the government to internal management and education research.

著者

吉岡 香奈

出版者

国立大学法人 東京大学大学院教育学研究科 大学経営・政策コース

雑誌

大学経営政策研究 (ISSN:21859701)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.12, pp.103-118, 2022 (Released:2022-05-10)

参考文献数

10

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The purpose of this research was to clarify the process of establishing Akita International University (AIU) by considering why a public university with global and distinctive education was established in Akita. To this end, I analyzed the discussions of the Review Committee and the Preparatory Committee for the Establishment in which AIU was conceptualized. I also obtained information from the minutes of the prefectural assembly, commemorative magazines of AIU and the Minnesota State University-Akita campus (MSU-A), and books written by Mineo Nakajima, the first president of AIU.As a result, it became clear that although initial discussions were held with MSU-A in mind, the policy shifted to a more global-minded one. President Nakajima and other members of the committee believed that liberal arts education was important, and to elicit its unique and global characteristics, AIU was established as a new public university corporation with the support of the Ministry of Education.

著者

清水 一 野村 友和

出版者

国立大学法人 東京大学大学院教育学研究科 大学経営・政策コース

雑誌

大学経営政策研究 (ISSN:21859701)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.12, pp.51-65, 2022 (Released:2022-05-10)

参考文献数

31

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In this study, we estimate the social rate of return to university education in Japan, considering the possibility of dropping out and repeating a grade. Although many studies have assessed the rate of return on university education, most have measured the rate of return by assuming that all students who enter a university will graduate without dropping out or repeating a grade. The percentage of students who drop out or are held back depends on the university’s type of establishment (public or private) and the level of admission severity. Such differences may lead to considerable variation in expected returns, depending on the university and faculty. We consider this and estimate the social rate of return for groups of universities and faculties categorized by type of establishment and admission severity. The results show that the rates of return to some private universities are lower if we consider the dropout and repeating years, and suggest the need for focused policies.

著者

吉田 翔太郎

出版者

国立大学法人 東京大学大学院教育学研究科 大学経営・政策コース

雑誌

大学経営政策研究 (ISSN:21859701)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.13, pp.127-142, 2023 (Released:2023-07-11)

参考文献数

19

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This study aimed to clarify the relationship between the establishment of higher education associations and the Bureau of Education in the United States, from the late 1880s to the early 1920s, which has not been previously clarified. For this purpose, after reviewing the number of associations established and the higher education-related initiatives of the bureau, the relationship between individual associations and the bureau was clarified with a focus on nine major associations. The results revealed that prior to the 1900s, a relationship was established in which the bureau took advantage of associations to promote its activities, including attendance at annual meetings, requests for cooperation in statistics through addresses, and personal exchanges. In some cases, the initiatives of the associations influenced the bureaus. From the 1910s onward, the relationship developed to the point where the bureau was involved in the associations right from their establishment; departments that were integrated with the associations were established, and the bureau itself led to the establishment of the association. Moreover, differences in the degree of interest between associations were also identified. Finally, these facts complement the interpretation of the relationship between the federal government and higher-education associations from the former's perspective, as presented in previous studies.

著者

戸村 理

出版者

国立大学法人 東京大学大学院教育学研究科 大学経営・政策コース

雑誌

大学経営政策研究 (ISSN:21859701)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.13, pp.217-233, 2023 (Released:2023-07-11)

参考文献数

1

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Postwar higher education reform in Japan was driven by complex political dynamics and personal relationships between Japan and the United States. The new Japanese university system, which emerged in 1949, imported many features of the American higher education system. While pre-war Japanese universities did not admit women, all universities became coeducational. New colleges for women were also established. In terms of curricula, the pre-war emphasis on specialized education was replaced by the introduction of general education. The new universities that emerged in postwar Japan differed in character from their pre-war counterparts. However, they caused numerous problems, including student disputes and, in many cases, superficial imitations of the U.S. higher education system. How did an American woman who was familiar with Japanese culture view these post-war Japanese higher education reforms? Dallas Finn stayed in Japan from 1947 to 1954 and published “Reform and Japanese Higher Education” in the academic journal Far Eastern Survey, on November 21, 1951. This paper translates Finn's article into Japanese to clarify how the U.S. evaluated postwar Japanese higher education reform.

著者

篠田 雅人 日下田 岳史

出版者

国立大学法人 東京大学大学院教育学研究科 大学経営・政策コース

雑誌

大学経営政策研究 (ISSN:21859701)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.4, pp.55-71, 2014 (Released:2022-04-28)

参考文献数

15

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The curriculum in humanities departments is characterized by the belief that the overall integrity may be ensured by positioning the graduation thesis at the center of the curriculum, even though the curriculum is not seen to be “systematic.” At the same time, there are currently movements that are seeking to revamp the humanities curriculum. How do humanities departments at Japanese universities position the graduation thesis within their curriculum and what meaning do they give to the thesis from the perspective of educational outcomes? This study highlights the following two points in response these questions.First, the results of a survey conducted in November 2011 among humanities departments across Japan indicated that, although the graduation thesis plays an important role in the undergraduate curriculum, its significance has become ambiguous. Second, we conducted a questionnaire survey between January and February 2013 among graduates of the Faculty of Arts at Gakushuin University and used the instrumental variables method to estimate the subjective effects obtained from the experience of writing a graduation thesis. The results indicated that students who wrote a graduation thesis felt that the experience did not have an effect on improving their subjective assessment of their abilities, such as the skills related to their current job. However, specialized education in the Faculty of Arts as represented through the experience of writing a graduation thesis may have the effect of improving the subjective assessment of the richness of students’ emotion or spirit.The remaining tasks include explaining the changes in the status of the graduation thesis in the curriculum since the 1990s and responding to the question of whether the experience of writing a graduation thesis has the expected effect.

著者

新井 恵子

出版者

国立大学法人 東京大学大学院教育学研究科 大学経営・政策コース

雑誌

大学経営政策研究 (ISSN:21859701)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.8, pp.183-198, 2018 (Released:2022-04-28)

参考文献数

25

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This paper examines the functioning of the home economics department, which was established as a faculty in a new university after the war. Based on the process of the establishment of the Faculty of Home Economics, the focus was on the position of “Home Economics Principles,” established on the philosophy of home economics. In addition, focusing on the transition of the department, the degree of faculty, the title of the doctoral thesis, which are the elements that constitute the home economics department, were analyzed based on the data derived from school. The focus of the analysis is to clarify that a structural problem exists “at the postwar home economics department, wherein the core is weak and the surroundings are strong.” As a result of the examination, it was found that the objective of the study was derived from the conventional home economics field and had deepened thereof.

著者

山本 裕子

出版者

国立大学法人 東京大学大学院教育学研究科 大学経営・政策コース

雑誌

大学経営政策研究 (ISSN:21859701)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.13, pp.199-214, 2023 (Released:2023-07-11)

参考文献数

29

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This case study of a recent Japanese university, specifically, a regional national A university, aims to identify how individual university organizations responded to dramatic changes in the external environment. The analysis will focus on two perspectives: “new work” related to educational reform and the reorganization of the center organizations responsible for educational reform work. Based on the literature and interviews with those involved, we will clarify why reorganization of the center organizations was necessary and the process by which they were reorganized. We will confirm: 1) how each organization was established and who its members were, and 2) the kind of tasks performed by the members, the positions they held, and the organizational structure that was used to manage them (work content, members in charge, and organizational structure for promotion). Furthermore, we will organize and discuss the challenges that the parties involved at that time felt when performing their duties in university-wide educational reform-related organizations. Finally, we will summarize the findings and discuss future issues.

著者

岡田 美和子

出版者

国立大学法人 東京大学大学院教育学研究科 大学経営・政策コース

雑誌

大学経営政策研究 (ISSN:21859701)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.13, pp.19-35, 2023 (Released:2023-07-11)

参考文献数

11

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Patent strategy is crucial for universities' pharmaceutical R&D. The university's intellectual property department usually manages its patents. However, in the past, patent management by the Institute for Infectious Diseases at the University of Tokyo was different from that of the modern-day University of Tokyo. The institute had an employee invention regulation in 1930; however, the status of patent applications and management at the institute before and after the end of World War II is not clear. First, to clarify the status of patent applications, old documents related to patents stored at the institute and patent gazettes were examined. These documents revealed that the institute filed patent applications in line with the objectives of its pharmaceutical development and manufacturing business. Next, by analyzing the decision documents related to patent applications of the institute, the authority and cost-sharing at the university were confirmed. Hence, it is argued that patents at the institute were managed in an integrated manner with the development strategy at the institute in charge of pharmaceutical development, and not at the intellectual property headquarters of the university.

著者

長野 公則

出版者

国立大学法人 東京大学大学院教育学研究科 大学経営・政策コース

雑誌

大学経営政策研究 (ISSN:21859701)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.11, pp.67-83, 2021 (Released:2022-03-31)

参考文献数

39

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Over the past 18 years, the endowments of leading American universities have shown rapid growth. The purpose of this study is to clarify new patterns of revenue structures of such top-ranking universities. Accordingly, this study considers the revenue structures of seven leading universities, the University of California, and six of its peer comparison group institutions. This study analyzes the following four aspects. The first aspect is the growth of endowments of seven universities during the 18 years from 2001 to 2018. The second topic is the endowment payout rule of each university, which determines the amount that should be paid out annually into the current revenue. The third topic is the total student income and current year gifts of each sample university from 2006 to 2018. Finally, based on the findings, this study clarifies the new revenue structure types of top- ranking American universities.

著者

中島 弘至

出版者

国立大学法人 東京大学大学院教育学研究科 大学経営・政策コース

雑誌

大学経営政策研究 (ISSN:21859701)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.10, pp.177-193, 2020 (Released:2022-03-31)

参考文献数

20

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After the regulation of the recruitment system was abolished, job hunting has increased. Has the disparity among universities also increased? This paper examines whether interuniversity inequality has increased in graduate employment since the 1990s. Based on the recruitment data of large companies, Japan’s major universities were divided into three groups for subsequent statistical analysis. The analysis of all industries revealed the emergence of structural changes in 1998 and a reduction in the disparity among universities. In the case of megabanks, the gap between universities narrowed because recruitment was switched to university graduates in the early 1990s.On the other hand, according to an analysis of leading popular companies, the structural change appeared in 1999 and the disparity among universities began to increase. It is believed that there is a factor in job search in recent years or in the spread of recruitmentrelated internships.

著者

山本 清

出版者

国立大学法人 東京大学大学院教育学研究科 大学経営・政策コース

雑誌

大学経営政策研究 (ISSN:21859701)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.8, pp.217-230, 2018 (Released:2022-04-28)

参考文献数

20

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Evidence- Based Policymaking( EBPM )is currently being promoted by the central government of Japan. The proponents insist that public policy should be based on hard evidence, rather than episodic nor soft measures. The development of rational decision making in the public sector originates from the principles of scientific management, PPBS, and recently NPM. Some scholars criticize this series of approaches, which have long since emerged, been trialed, implemented and failed. In this paper, we adopt a balanced approach to the proponents and critics of EBPM, from a political, economic, and social rational perspective. We propose that the educational policy governing higher education should not only drive economic growth, but must also support higher education as a democratic, cultural, and social institution. After offering a brief presentation of the character and methods of EBPM, we review the practices and lessons learned from EBPM, in leading nations such as the United States and United Kingdom. Finally, future issues for EBPM in higher education, especially in Japan, are discussed.

著者

島 一則

出版者

国立大学法人 東京大学大学院教育学研究科 大学経営・政策コース

雑誌

大学経営政策研究 (ISSN:21859701)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.3, pp.15-35, 2013 (Released:2022-04-28)

参考文献数

90

被引用文献数

1

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In this paper, I will show the purpose (Section 1) and structure (Section 2) of this paper. And I will briefly introduce the human capital theory and signaling theory (Section 3). Then, I will overview the developments of rate of return to schooling studies done by researchers of foreign countries, especially in the United States and the United Kingdom (Section 4). Next I will summarize the rate of return to schooling studies done by Japanese researchers (Section 5). Finally I will compare both of them and clarify the significance and future challenges of such studies by Japanese researchers (Section 6).Section 4 demonstrates that rate of return studies by foreign researchers were especially focused on the net rate of return to schooling with ability data, twin data and IV estimates, excluding the ability and selection biases. Section 5 explains that Japanese researchers focused on the very detailed economic structure of academic credentialism, while paying insufficient attention to net rate of return to schooling. They also calculated very sophisticated estimates of rate of return to schooling by sizes and industries of companies, or to individual universities or schools.I conclude that the above sophisticated estimates of rate of return by Japanese researchers are unique and calculated based on the social concern on “ Examination Hell”. Future challenges must devote more attentions to ability biases, and also focus on the detailed economic structure of academic credentialism.

著者

木戸 裕

出版者

国立大学法人 東京大学大学院教育学研究科 大学経営・政策コース

雑誌

大学経営政策研究 (ISSN:21859701)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.12, pp.157-173, 2022 (Released:2022-05-10)

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This study attempts to take a view of university reform in Germany and discuss the significance of changes in the German educational system. German universities have entered the "universal phase" in education while maintaining their traditional multi-track education system. The aim of this study was to examine the situation in Germany, which differs from other countries with single-track education systems. We discuss the implications of the case of Germany by looking at data and materials on the principles and mechanisms used to "open the university" in a multi-track education system. Germany has developed a "qualification framework" system based on the principle of "permeability," which allows all students, regardless of social background, whether they attended any type of school, in general education or vocational education and training, to benefit from the system. This policy of "opening the university" is being promoted. However, this practice is not uniform and takes various forms at each university.

著者

小林 武夫

出版者

国立大学法人 東京大学大学院教育学研究科 大学経営・政策コース

雑誌

大学経営政策研究 (ISSN:21859701)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.12, pp.207-223, 2022 (Released:2022-05-10)

参考文献数

22

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Discussion of private university governance, which is difficult to discern from the outside, is on the rise. The Private Schools Act regulates private universities uniformly regardless of size, but even though such universities range from large-scale institutions with tens of thousands of students to small ones with fewer than a hundred students, nothing is known about the real state of university governance from the perspective of size. However, each year, the Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology (MEXT) conducts a survey on actual conditions in schools targeted at private universities and gathers basic data on governance, but the results of the survey are not made public. This research project made an information disclosure request to MEXT and aggregated and analyzed survey results using data other than non-disclosed individual data items.The research focuses on size and clarifies one aspect of the specific state of governance in highly diverse private universities, looks at decision-making and checks on associated processes, compares the adequacy of such functions by institution size, points out issues in private university governance, and suggests a course for resolving such issues.

著者

川崎 成一

出版者

国立大学法人 東京大学大学院教育学研究科 大学経営・政策コース

雑誌

大学経営政策研究 (ISSN:21859701)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.1, pp.145-166, 2011 (Released:2022-04-28)

参考文献数

32

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The for-profit universities in Japan are classified into three types: public company, subsidiary of public company and private company.The first type includes Business Breakthrough University and Japan Professional School of Education. Their management stability is relatively higher than others. Especially, the former has thicker capital cushion.The second type composes of LCA University and Cyber University, and depends on their parent companies in terms of stability and continuity. University management may be easily influenced by business conditions of the parent company.The third type includes LEC Graduate School of Accountancy and Globis University Graduate School of Management. They do not seek stability and continuity about university management because of their weak financial conditions. Without serious obstacles, for-profit universities are easy to entry into the higher education market, but the accumulation of internal reserves is difficult in a system design for the payment of a dividend to stockholders and the tax.Finally, it is concluded that for-profit universities are not necessarily superior to incorporated educational institution in terms of stability and continuity of university management at this stage.

著者

飯塚 潤

出版者

国立大学法人 東京大学大学院教育学研究科 大学経営・政策コース

雑誌

大学経営政策研究 (ISSN:21859701)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.10, pp.91-107, 2020 (Released:2022-03-31)

参考文献数

16

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National universities in Japan were incorporated in 2004. Before that, these institutions were just branches of the Ministry of Education and their administrative staff comprised civil servants. Fifteen years after the incorporation, it is becoming increasingly important for all national universities to develop their human resource strategies as a juridical public body separated from the central government. This paper examines the changes in human resource management within non-academic departments of Japanese national universities after their incorporation using a framework based on principal-agent theory.The findings of this study show that the total number of middle managers at non- academic departments has been expanding while those dispatched from the Ministry of Education have not decreased. This implies that national universities have acted on their own strategies while considering government incentives.

著者

諏訪 猛

出版者

国立大学法人 東京大学大学院教育学研究科 大学経営・政策コース

雑誌

大学経営政策研究 (ISSN:21859701)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.11, pp.101-116, 2021 (Released:2022-03-31)

参考文献数

19

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This paper clarifies the functions of the United States Marine Corps’ Promotion system for the officers and the Japan Ground Self-Defense Force (JGSDF) Promotion system for the officers through two main factors. The first factor is education, the Military Professional Education (PME) at the Marine Corps University, colleges, and schools that allow the marine officers to be promoted to the next higher rank by learning the military professional subjects required for officers to carry out their missions at higher positions. Second, the acquisition of the master’s degrees at the Military universities and colleges is essential for the promotion of marine officers to a higher rank of Major and Lieutenant Colonel. The JGSDF has no higher education system as the US Marine Corps (USMC). However, it has a non-academic degree-oriented career path through the definite military education system. The comparison between the USMC and JGSDF clarifies the reason such a traditional Japanese education system makes a difference to officers and clues why the JGSDF officers are such educated skillful soldiers, even if they have no academic degrees.