2 0 0 0 OA 抵抗権

著者
沈 在宇 鈴木 敬夫
出版者
北海道大学法学部
雑誌
北大法学論集 (ISSN:03855953)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.44, no.6, pp.441-468, 1994-03-31
著者
鈴木 敬夫
出版者
札幌学院大学総合研究所 = Research Institute of Sapporo Gakuin University
雑誌
札幌学院法学 = Sapporo Gakuin law review (ISSN:09100121)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.35, no.2, pp.57-88, 2019-03-25

In critiquing the legal system of the Third Reich, German legal scholar Gustav Radbruch (1878-1949) posited "conflict of positive law" (gesetzliches Unrecht)* as a key characteristic of the Nazi government. However, this "conflict of positive law" may, in fact, may be related to the concept of "legal certainty" (Rechtssicherheit) that Radbruch himself advocated, and furthermore, Radbruch may bear some of the theoretical responsibility for its incorporation by his protégé Erik Wolf (1902-1977) into the law-disregarding Nazi regime. On the whole, this essay inquires into the particulars of the legal positivist position that Radbruch upheld. In his magnum opus Rechtsphilosophie (Philosophy of Law, 1932), Radbruch argued that a judge that should be "the servant of legal certainty" rather than "the servant of justice," and strengthened the foundations of legal positivism, which asserts that "the law is the law." According to Radbruch, "Justice is the second great task of the law, while the most immediate one is legal certainty, peace, and order... We despise the person who preaches in a sense contrary to his conviction, but we respect the judge who does not permit himself to be diverted from his loyalty to the law by his conflicting sense of the right." This clearly represents the naturalistic and positivistic tendencies, and the Neo-Kantian axiomatic tendency, in judicial methodology. However, in Germany after its defeat in World War I, the ideological values and ideals advanced by Neo-Kantianism did not provide a viable path to regaining ethnic pride. Julius Binder (1870-1939), whose ideas were originally rooted in Neo-Kantianism, was quick to change his position to the Neo-Hegelian philosophy of law in 1933 when the Nazis came to power, and stated that "the spirit of the German people is the concrete and universal foundation of the German state and its laws." The criminal law scholar Erik Wolf was one of those influenced by this mode of thought. Wolf clearly discarded the Neo-Kantianism that he inherited from his teacher Radbruch, interpreting the criminal offender as a type of person who harms the interests of "the people's community," and arguing that whether or not to impose punishment should be based on the value judgments of the people's community. For him the sole standard for Richtiges Recht ("true law"), that is, the actual law governing the state, was the Nazi law of the Third Reich. Furthermore, he regarded judges, who Radbruch saw as "the servants of legal certainty," as the "plenipotentiary of the people's community" (Beauftragter der Volksgemeinschaft), which must unquestionably support the Nazi rule of law. At a time when freedom of thought and expression were severely restricted, Radbruch wrote numerous essays opposing the Nazi regime. Among them was Cicero in German: On Johann von Schwarzenbergs Translation of De Officiis 〔On Duties〕(Cicero deutsch: Zu Johann von Schwarzenbergs Officien–Übersetzung, 1942), Which contains the following passage: "A tyrant, or a mad dog on the rampage: He who kills them is to be praised and honored." Cicero was supporting the assassination of the tyrannical Caesars, and Radbruch cited this viewpoint in this essay, while Wolf welcomed the rise of the dictator Hitler. What role did relativist theory play in the works of these three men?研究ノート
著者
鈴木 敬夫
出版者
専修大学緑鳳学会
雑誌
専修総合科学研究 (ISSN:13418602)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.24, pp.1-20, 2016-10-20

The aim of this paper is to examine the "Carl Schmitt controversy" in contemporary China, guided by the value relativism advocated by German legal scholar Gustav Radbruch and the Confucian human rights theory of China's Du Gangjian (杜鋼建). By describing this controversy, another aim is to criticize the attitude of certain Chinese scholars who, espousing the ideas of C.Schmitt, classify people as either friends or enemies of the state. This paper sets out to question Schmitt's "friend-enemy divide", in which anyone with ideas or beliefs that differ from those of the state is castigated as a heretic. The targets of criticism are the viewpoint of raising the "identity of the party-state and the people" in acceptance of Schmitt's nationalism, and the intolerant attitudes of anti-liberalism, anti-democracy and anti-parliamentarianism. In resisting Nazism, Radbruch declared that "Relativism is general tolerance - only not tolerance of intolerance" (1934). This paper is based on the standpoint of this relativism tolerance theory.In commenting on Schmitt's particular political and legal thought, with its dependence on "political theology", many suggestions were received from excellent prior research by Bernd Rüthers, Keita Koga (古賀敬太), Wang Qian (王前) and other scholars. The author would like to express his thanks to them.
著者
今井 弘道 鈴木 敬夫 安田 信之 岡 克彦 國分 典子 鈴木 賢
出版者
北海道大学
雑誌
基盤研究(B)
巻号頁・発行日
2004

16年度は、このプロジェクトを中心として、第五回東アジア法哲学シンポジウムを開催した(9月・札幌)。これはすでに何回も報告した通りであるが、日本国内からの参加者を始め、中国、各国、台湾その他を含めて100人を優に超える参加者があった、その中で、2006年には台湾で、第6回大会を行うこと、併せてそれを東アジア法哲学会の発会大会とすることが決議され、準備委員長として、本プロジェクトの代表者である今井が選出された。17年度は、上記第六回東アジア法哲学シンポジウム/東アジア法哲学会の発会大会が、行われた(主催・台湾大学、3月・台北)。中国、韓国、台湾その他を含めて150人を超える参加者があった。そこで、今井が理事長に選出された。これで、このプロジェクトで目標としてきた東アジアの法哲学の共同研究体制は基本的には完成し、大きな可能性が保障されることになった。18年度は、北京大学法学院から朱蘇力・張騏両教授を招待し、シンポジウム《中国における「生ける法」と「司法」を通しての法形成の可能性》を、名古屋大学と北海道大学で共催した。また上海政法学院教授の倪正茂教授を招いて「上海における住民運動と市民的法文化」とシンポジウムを行った。個々の成果については別記する。