著者

関口 明

出版者

北海道大学総合博物館

雑誌

北海道大学総合博物館研究報告 (ISSN:1348169X)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.6, pp.46-57, 2013-03

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From the Edo period, The Urup Island, a part of the Chishima Archipelago (Kuril Islands) located close to Hokkaido, was called “Rakko To“ (“To”means island) for the reason of being known as an island inhabited by sea otters. The origin of “rakko”, name for a sea otter in Japanese, can be traced to Ainu language. It has been proved that the fur trade between Ainu and Japanese provided background for its adoption into Japanese language. In this paper the beginning of “rakko” appearance in Japanese historical materials is examined together with the evidence of its presence in Ainu tales “Yukar”, and a point is being made of answering what was its role in Ainu trade with Japanese. First chapter provides an argument that the fur was mainly used for harnesses and partly in sheath for Japanese sword as a sign of status. In the second chapter, based on Japanese historical materials, the following hypothesis is argued: 1) a first known sight of sea otter fur is explained in 1423, 2) in 1433, Japan trades sea otter fur to Min Dynasty, China, 3) in 1434, the Kingdom of Ryukyu supplies Min Dynasty with sea otter fur 4) in the end of 15 century, “rakko” is mentioned in several Japanese dictionaries 5) the route of “rakko” trade goes from Ainu to Kakizaki (Matsumae) to Ando (Tosaminato) to Takeda (Wakasa) to Ashikaga (Kyoto). Third chapter contains an analysis of “rakko” appearance in Yukar Ainu epic, precisely in Itadorimaru. According to the Itadorimaru tale, “rakko” possessed by princess Kanesantaunmat leaves the mouth of Ishikari River. Then, when it is captured by Poiyaumpe (Ainu hero), the fighting between Ainu living in Hokkaido and tribes of Sakhalin erupts. However, eventually Poiyaunpe wins. It is my belief that this Yukar tale discusses a dispute over fur trade rights that took place between Sakhalin and Hokkaido ,with the story being used as a motif. Yukar depicts the process of Satsumon culture wrestling off the rights to “rakko” fur trade from the Ohotsk culture ( 5th ~ 13th century). Japanese historical materials shows that the Ainu who sprang from Satsumon culture, kept the rights to the ”rakko” fur trade.

著者

関口 明生

出版者

独立行政法人 国立高等専門学校機構 木更津工業高等専門学校

雑誌

木更津工業高等専門学校紀要 (ISSN:21889201)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.55, pp.107-112, 2021 (Released:2022-05-13)

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The purpose of engineering is to achieve and maintain the well-being of mankind through the planning, realization and conservation of systems that utilize the resources and properties of nature. Economic activities using engineering techniques have brought material wealth to the lives of mankind. On the other hand, as we all know, the sustainability of the global environment continues to decline rapidly due to increasing pollution of the environment and depletion of resources. Control engineering is the art of improving and maintaining the ideal behavior of various systems by studying their dynamics in a usually quantitative manner. Will the control engineering of today be able to sustainably control such global dynamics? Or are there underlying defects in itself that prevent it from being sustainable? In this article, changes in the representation of control systems, which form the basis of control engineering, are investigated in textbooks available in my college. The results of this investigation confirmed that the representation of control systems has remained virtually unchanged for the last 60 years.

著者

関口 明

出版者

吉川弘文館

雑誌

日本歴史 (ISSN:03869164)

巻号頁・発行日

no.842, pp.17-32, 2018-07

著者

関口 明生 羽鳥 哲史

出版者

独立行政法人 国立高等専門学校機構 木更津工業高等専門学校

雑誌

木更津工業高等専門学校紀要 (ISSN:21889201)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.50, pp.94-97, 2017-01-31 (Released:2017-08-02)

参考文献数

5

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It is difficult that to accurately run periodic process in cycle of less than a few tens of millisecond, using normal Linux distributions with normal scheduling policy in round-robin fashion. This article shows an easy way to resolve the problem by replacing the kernel with a low latency kernel. Its performance of latency without intentional load was evaluated using a frequently-used command at various interval and priority. It is possible that to design original software which runs on the soft-realtime OS. To evaluate its usability, we demonstrated positional control of a manipulator every 5 milliseconds. By running the control software on CUI environment, standard deviation of the time interval was suppressed compared to running the same software on GUI environment.

著者

関口 明 セキグチ アキラ Sekiguchi Akira

出版者

駒沢史学会

雑誌

駒澤史学 (ISSN:04506928)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.70, pp.72-98, 2008-03

著者

関口明 [ほか] 編

出版者

山川出版社

巻号頁・発行日

2015

著者

関口 明

出版者

北海道文化財保護協会

雑誌

北海道の文化

巻号頁・発行日

no.91, pp.16-27, 2019-03