著者

阿部 清司 アベ キヨシ Abe Kiyoshi

出版者

千葉大学経済学会

雑誌

経済研究 (ISSN:09127216)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.25, no.2, pp.375-412, 2010-09

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Argentina is blessed with natural and human resources, but is beset with so many indigenous problems, being divided politically and stagnant economically. Why? Mainly because of the distinct nationality called Viveza Criolla. Almost 200 years have passed since its independence in 1816, but there is still no real national unity in Argentina. People dislike cooperation. Their civic consciousness is low. Corruption is still rampant. Schools are falling apart due to the low moral level. No civic education is effectively offered at school. The nation is never under the rule of law. Politics precedes, and interferes with, all others. There is no real division of the three powers according to the National Constitution. The result is infamous corruption of justice. Back in 1925 said Albert Einstein,"no nation could develop, with such widespread disorders in the society, even if blessed with abundant resources."His remarks still remain valid today. All the disorders of Argentina are fundamentally due to the Viveza Criolla, the sly and underhanded practice nurtured traditionally inside the country. The roots of the Argentine decline reflect the lack of the civic consciousness both of the government and of the people, and the lack of national goal or vision on how to survive in the age of globalization, all being related more or less to the Viveza Criolla. The enormous disorders of the society are typified by the corruption of tribunals (especially that of the Supreme Court). The corrupt judicial system paralyzes the morality of the people, which reflects the tragic distrust of the government by the people. No wonder, Argentina fails to develop fully into a modern democratic country.欧文抄録: pp.297-298

著者

阿部 清司

出版者

千葉大学

雑誌

千葉大学経済研究 (ISSN:09127216)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.23, no.3, pp.399-418, 2008-12

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Argentina suffered from severe economic crisis in 2001, which was triggered by the dollar peg, excessive issues of national bonds and the IMF policy package. More fundamentally, the crisis was caused by the bad governance, the widespread corruption, the lack of industrialization, the lack of modern market mechanism, the lack of democracy, the lack of response to the globalization, etc. Argentina has attained independence since 1816, but there still exist political rivalry between local and central governments. The disunity has inhibited any modern social reform, with the old social system still dominating the country. Argentina now lives on the century-old heritages with any social modernization neglected from generation to generation. The lacks that caused the crisis were also pointed out by the socalled Okita Report which was produced by the joint Argentina-Japanese research team headed by Dr. Saburo Okita. The Okita Report 1 of 1986 makes an in-depth analysis of macro economy, agriculture, industry, transportation and foreign trade of Argentina with valuable policy recommendations. The Okita Report 2 of 1996 focused on foreign trade, especially trade with Asian countries, and foreign direct investment from Asia, pointing out strongly the lack of willingness to export, develop and modernize. The Okita Reports mean a culmination of good relations between Argentina and Japan. A revaluation of the Okita Report was done at a conference in Buenos Aires in 2006, twenty years after the Okita Report 1. Many participants admitted that the value of the Okita Report for Argentina Economy remains intact. Its practical proposal the essence of which contains the need of industrialization will retain its precious value for the future for Argentina. It will be referred to by farsighted policy makers of Argentina in coping with the tide of globalization. Otherwise, Argentina would remain underdeveloped while other Latin American countries make further progress.