著者

青木 竜一

出版者

東洋文庫

雑誌

東洋学報 = Toyo Gakuho (ISSN:03869067)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.103, no.4, pp.1-31, 2022-03-17

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It has frequently been characterized of imperial dynastic China that its main military objective was to maintain the institutions of the state and the social order based on the emperor and the bureaucracy that served him. This means that the military had to be a part of the bureaucracy to achieve that objective. That being said, this bureaucratization of the military did not entirely coincide with the establishment of imperial dynastic governance. It is therefore appropriate to ask when and how bureaucratization was actually achieved. This article focuses on the military under the Later Han Dynasty, in order to clarify aspects of its bureaucratic character. In particular, the author addresses the following point focusing on the notion of decorum: that is, whether it was regarded as proper for the military to be controlled by the emperor and the imperial court. The author begins with a review of the principle that “State affairs should not be interfered in by the military, and military affairs should not be interfered in by the state” and how it was perceived during the Later Han Period. The author then addresses the discussions in the White Tiger Hall held during the reign of Emperor Zhang, which were decisive for spreading the notion of decorum, and analyzes perceptions held regarding the military at the time based on Baihu Tong, which summarizes the results of those discussions. As described there, the philosophy of The Methods of Sima relates to “the principles in the Spring and Autumn Annals” and ideas in the weft texts. On the other hand, “military ritual” of the Han Dynasty had followed The Methods of Sima since the second half of the Former Han Period. The author concludes that Han perceptions from The Methods of Sima connected with “military ritual” and “the ritual regulations for meeting each other” determined the notion of decorum, which was developed during the Former Han period, and was then adopted by the Later Han Dynasty, leading to the bureaucratization of the military.