著者

黒須 三恵

出版者

日本生命倫理学会

雑誌

生命倫理 (ISSN:13434063)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.6, no.1, pp.17-21, 1996-06-30 (Released:2017-04-27)

参考文献数

6

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I investigated clinical incidents in which physicians neglected patient's rights in Japan during 50 years after World War II. In the first term (1945-59), the sufferers were the infants and mentally handicapped persons mainly. Some pyhsicians thought their human experiments were not ethical, but they could not change the plan of the experiment. Because their professor had strong powers and decided the plan. In the middle term (1960-79), public health insurance system were accomplished for all people. Since then, they could see a physician easily. But medicines were used carelessly and many patients were damaged by them, for instance, thalidomid, quinoform. The other main incidents were "Wada" heart transplantation and assault or robotomy on a mentally handicapped porson. In some cases physicians lodged a complaint with a police or the Japanese Society of Psychiatry and Neurology. Then the medical association adopted some principles of human experiments. In the latter term (1980-95), brain-dead patients were disturbed upon human rights, though ethic committees which examine human experiments were established in many medical schools. The members of the ethic committees have been almost insiders and males. and deliberated not open to the public. The damages from medicines including the blood products contaminated with HIV occured one after another in this term too. The Ministry of Public Welfare established a standard of human experiments for new medicines, but admitted oral consent from a patient as well as consent by a document. Some physicians organized a patient's rights conference or a board of investigation of malpractice. For the establishment of patient's rights, medical associations should criticize main clinical incidents after World War II.