文献一覧: ASONUMA Akihiro (著者)

3 0 0 0 OA 米国高等教育機関の多様性と財源構造(その1) : 設置形態及び機関類型間における財務・財政資源の偏在

著者: 阿曽沼明裕 ASONUMA Akihiro
出版者: 名古屋大学大学院教育発達科学研究科
雑誌: 名古屋大学大学院教育発達科学研究科紀要. 教育科学 (ISSN:13460307)
巻号頁・発行日: vol.67, no.1, pp.1-15, 2020-09-30

Functional differentiation of higher education institutions has long been discussed in Japan. Implicitly, it has been argued against a background of the problem of resource constraints. If there are resource restrictions, duplication of functions among various institutions is considered problematic. However, when discussing functional differentiation, the difference of financial bases among different institutions of higher education has been rarely examined in detail. We should consider how financial resources are distributed unevenly among higher education institutions. In this study we take the US higher education system as an example in order to better understand the relationship between the functional differentiation and financial basis of higher education institutions. The US higher education system is comprised of a great diversity of higher education institutions, differentiated further into various types of institutions. Fortunately, the “Carnegie Classification of Institutions of Higher Education” is very useful. Moreover, the IPEDS (Integrated Postsecondary Education Data System) provides the financial data that enables comparison of higher education institutions. In this article (part1) we examined where financial resources are unevenly distributed among various institutions of higher education. We focused on the difference between public, private, and forprofit institutions, and the difference of the institutional types as defined by the Carnegie Classification of Institutions of Higher Education. One result found that more than 60% of the total income of institutions of higher education is concentrated on the “Doctoral Universities”, although the number of institutions is relatively small. This is due to the large scale of student numbers and the high cost per student for doctoral programs. Endowment assets are also concentrated in the “Doctoral Universities”, as well as in the private “Baccalaureate Colleges”. This uneven distribution of financial resources among institutions and the factors behind the uneven distribution are discussed.

2 0 0 0 OA 米国高等教育機関の多様性と財源構造(その2) : 設置形態及び機関類型別に見た財源構成パターン

著者: 阿曽沼明裕 ASONUMA Akihiro
出版者: 名古屋大学大学院教育発達科学研究科
雑誌: 名古屋大学大学院教育発達科学研究科紀要. 教育科学 (ISSN:13460307)
巻号頁・発行日: vol.67, no.1, pp.17-35, 2020-09-30

Functional differentiation of higher education institutions has long been discussed in Japan. Implicitly, it has been argued against a background of the problem of resource constraints. If there are resource restrictions, duplication of functions among various institutions is considered problematic. However, when discussing functional differentiation, the difference of financial bases among different institutions of higher education has been rarely examined in detail. We should consider how the revenue structure (income breakdown) varies depending on the diversity of higher education institutions. In this study we take the US higher education system as an example in order to better understand the relationship between the functional differentiation and financial basis of higher education institutions. The US higher education system is comprised of a great diversity of higher education institutions, differentiated further into various types of institutions. Fortunately, the “Carnegie Classification of Institutions of Higher Education” is very useful. Moreover, the IPEDS (Integrated Postsecondary Education Data System) provides the financial data that enables comparison of higher education institutions. In this article (part2) we discover some patterns of income structure within the various institutions of higher education and focus on the differentiation of public, private, and for-profit institutions, and the difference of institutional types as defined by the Carnegie Classification of Institutions of Higher Education. Accordingly, the group of institutions is divided into “Core RevenueDependent Type,” which largely depend on tuition fee income and state appropriations., and “Diversified Revenue type,” which depend on various financial resources: government research grants, investment income, hospital income, private funds, and so on. For example, the group of public institutions offering mainly associate’s degrees is categorized as “Core Revenue-Dependent Type.” In contrast, the group of institutions that offer many doctoral programs is categorized as “Diversified Revenue type,” and are dependent on research grants and hospital monies. These various types of income structures and the factors behind their differences are discussed.