- 著者
- FURUKAWA Jun
- 出版者
- 一般社団法人電子情報通信学会
- 雑誌
- IEICE transactions on fundamentals of electronics, communications and computer sciences (ISSN:09168508)
- 巻号頁・発行日
- vol.88, no.1, pp.172-188, 2005-01-01
- 参考文献数
- 25
- 被引用文献数
- 7 43
In this paper, we propose an efficient protocol for proving the correctness of shuffling and an efficient protocol for simultaneously proving the correctness of both shuffling and decryption. The former protocol is the most efficient in computational and communication complexity among 3-move honest verifier perfect zero-knowledge protocols for proving a shuffling of ElGamal cipher-texts. The latter protocol is the most efficient in computational, communication, and round complexity, as a whole, in proving the correctness of both shuffling and decryption of ElGamalcipher-texts. The proposed protocols will be a building block of an efficient, universally verifiable mix-net, whose application to voting systems is prominent.
- 著者
- Yamamoto Tsuyoshi Nakamura Atsuko Iwai Hiroaki Ishii Tadashi Ma Jian Feng Yokoyama Ryusuke Nishitani Kazuhiko Satoh Shinobu Furukawa Jun
- 出版者
- Springer Japan
- 雑誌
- Journal of plant research (ISSN:09189440)
- 巻号頁・発行日
- vol.125, no.6, pp.771-779, 2012-11
- 被引用文献数
- 64 3
Rice (Oryza sativa L.) is a typical Si-accumulating plant and is able to accumulate Si up to >10 % of shoot dry weight. The cell wall has been reported to become thicker under Si-deficient condition. To clarify the relationship between Si accumulation and cell wall components, the physical properties of, and macromolecular components and Si content in, the pectic, hemicellulosic, and cellulosic fractions prepared from rice seedlings grown in hydroponics with or without 1.5 mM silicic acid were analyzed. In the absence of Si (the −Si condition), leaf blades drooped, but physical properties were enhanced. Sugar content in the cellulosic fraction and lignin content in the total cell wall increased under −Si condition. After histochemical staining, there was an increase in cellulose deposition in short cells and the cell layer just beneath the epidermis in the −Si condition, but no significant change in the pattern of lignin deposition. Expression of the genes involved in secondary cell wall synthesis, OsCesA4, OsCesA7, OsPAL, OsCCR1 and OsCAD6 was up-regulated under −Si condition, but expression of OsCesA1, involved in primary cell wall synthesis, did not increase. These results suggest that an increase in secondary cell wall components occurs in rice leaves to compensate for Si deficiency.