- 著者
- Zhou Wu Hiroshi Nakanishi
- 出版者
- (公社)日本薬理学会
- 雑誌
- Journal of Pharmacological Sciences (ISSN:13478613)
- 巻号頁・発行日
- vol.126, no.1, pp.8-13, 2014-09-20 (Released:2014-09-20)
- 参考文献数
- 30
- 被引用文献数
- 9 62
Neuroinflammation, inflammation of the brain, is strongly implicated in Alzheimer’s disease (AD), which can be enhanced by systemic inflammation. Therefore, the initiation and progression of AD are affected by systemic diseases such as cardiovascular disease and diabetes. This concept suggests a possible link between periodontitis and AD because periodontitis is a peripheral, chronic infection that elicits a significant systemic inflammatory response. There is now growing clinical evidence that chronic periodontitis is closely linked to the initiation and progression of AD. Recent studies have suggested that leptomeningeal cells play an important role in transducing systemic inflammatory signals to the brain-resident microglia, which in turn initiate neuroinflammation. Furthermore, it is apparent that senescent-type microglia respond in an exaggerated manner to systemic inflammation. It is estimated that a high percentage of adults are suffering from periodontitis, and the prevalence of periodontitis increases with age. Therefore, chronic periodontitis can be a significant source of covert systemic inflammation within the general population. The present review article highlights our current understanding of the link between periodontitis and AD.
- 著者
- Ryo Tsuchitani Hiroshi Nakanishi Hideaki Kasai
- 出版者
- 公益社団法人 日本表面科学会
- 雑誌
- e-Journal of Surface Science and Nanotechnology (ISSN:13480391)
- 巻号頁・発行日
- vol.11, pp.138-141, 2013-12-28 (Released:2013-12-28)
- 参考文献数
- 31
- 被引用文献数
- 2 6
Based on density functional theory, we report an initial degradation reaction before a ring-opening reaction which is a traditional degradation reaction in imidazolium-based anion exchange membranes (AEMs) and has been reported by several experimental groups. In the present work, a 1-ethyl-3-(4-vinylbenzyl) imidazolium (EVIm) monomer is focused as a part of imidazolium-based AEMs. Firstly, a hydroxide anion is put to the EVIm monomer and the geometry is optimized. Secondly, the minimum reaction path along the ring-opening reaction is calculated and it is concluded that the EVIm monomer is resistant to the ring-opening reaction because of the high energy barrier. Further, when the hydroxide anion is put near the EVIm monomer, the C-H bond at the C2 position of imidazole ring is elongated. As the result, the feasibility of a dehydrogenation reaction where the hydrogen bonding to the C2 position desorbs is suggested. Finally, in order to compare the energy barrier to that of the ring-opening reaction, the minimum reaction path along the dehydrogenation reaction is calculated. From these analyses, we propose that the dehydrogenation reaction precedes the ring-opening reaction and it is also much more dominant rather than the ring-opening reaction in the EVIm monomer. [DOI: 10.1380/ejssnt.2013.138]