著者

山下 理恵

出版者

公益社団法人 日本表面科学会

雑誌

表面科学 (ISSN:03885321)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.34, no.1, pp.46-49, 2013-01-10 (Released:2013-01-23)

参考文献数

3

著者

尾上 順

出版者

公益社団法人 日本表面科学会

雑誌

表面科学 (ISSN:03885321)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.34, no.1, pp.38-43, 2013-01-10 (Released:2013-01-23)

参考文献数

47

---

A. Einstein first applied Riemannian geometry to develop the general theory of relativity almost one hundred years ago and succeeded in understanding astronomical-scale phenomena such as the straining of time-space by a gravitational field. It is of great interest to reveal whether or not Riemannian geometry affects the electronic properties of condensed matters on a much smaller scale. Although Riemannian geometry has been applied to quantum mechanics since the 1950s, nobody has yet answered this question, because the electronic properties of materials with Riemannian geometry have not been examined experimentally. We report here the prediction and observation of Riemannian geometrical effects on the electronic properties of one-dimensional metallic uneven peanut-shaped C60 polymer.

著者

松川 宏

出版者

公益社団法人 日本表面科学会

雑誌

表面科学 (ISSN:03885321)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.24, no.6, pp.328-333, 2003-06-10 (Released:2009-02-22)

参考文献数

46

被引用文献数

4 3

---

Recent progress in the physical research of friction is reviewed. We discuss some mechanisms proposal for Amonton and Coulomb's law that is applied well in various systems. The energy dissipation process associated with dynamical friction is also discussed. New experimental techniques that aim to observe the sliding interfaces between solid surfaces and lubricants are introduced.

著者

村田 好正

出版者

公益社団法人 日本表面科学会

雑誌

表面科学 (ISSN:03885321)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.29, no.5, pp.284-290, 2008-05-10 (Released:2008-05-18)

参考文献数

35

被引用文献数

1 1

---

Reconstruction on open surfaces of Ir, Pt and Au, i.e. (001) and (110) surfaces of fcc metals, is caused by the relativistic effect through increase of the d-hole density of the valence state. The reconstruction of Pt(001) and Pt(110) surfaces is lifted by adsorption of CO and NO molecules and its lifting is caused by reduction of the d-hole density due to donation of lone-pair electrons of these molecules. Although oscillation in the reaction rate of CO oxidation and fantastic two-dimensional images corresponding to various oscillation patterns on Pt(001) and Pt(110) surfaces were observed by Ertl's group, these phenomena can be explained by the change of the d-hole density enhanced by the relativistic effect. Finally, laser-induced desortion of NO from Pt(111) and Pt(111)-Ge surface alloy is also discussed using the relativistic effect.

著者

針山 孝彦 堀口 弘子

出版者

公益社団法人 日本表面科学会

雑誌

表面科学 (ISSN:03885321)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.31, no.6, pp.290-293, 2010-06-10 (Released:2010-06-18)

参考文献数

7

---

The semi-terrestrial isopod, Ligia exotica, lives on the seashore among jetties and rocks. It shows poor resistance to desiccation and cannot live without seawater. When it is exposed to dry conditions, its body weight decreases to 90% of the initial weight within three hours. When subsequently presented with wet paper, legs VI- and VII-th of the animal are firmly apposed and stationed for a while. Since the body weight had increased after this behaviour, a pair of caudal legs seemed to play an important role to absorb water. Morphological observations of those caudal legs revealed that there is a series of thin cuticler protrusions, oriented in several parallel lines, which is developed on from 2nd to 5th podite of the VI-th preiopod and 6th podite of the VII-th pereiopod. When we immersed each leg from the tip, the water flows along those series of thin cuticler protrusions. The animal absorbs water along those surface structures of the caudal legs.

著者

天野 絵里子

出版者

公益社団法人 日本表面科学会

雑誌

表面科学 (ISSN:03885321)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.37, no.6, pp.268-272, 2016

---

This article introduces ideas and practices behind Kyoto University's Open Access Policy established in April, 2015. Kyoto University was the first Japanese university that implemented open access (OA) policies to make its scholarly articles freely accessible. This implementation has garnered wide media attention, encouraging other research universities to follow the same action. The article describes basic ideas behind Kyoto University's OA policy as well as recent developments in Japan. It also discusses what obstacles Japanese universities encounter as they endorse OA policy against multiple stakeholders in the academic publishing industry. It finally suggests what can be done to improve the whole OA system, especially in relation to potential conflicts over copyrights between universities and academic associations.

著者

中島 耕一 今田 康夫 奈良坂 ひろ子 毛利 尚武 斉藤 満

出版者

公益社団法人 日本表面科学会

雑誌

表面科学 (ISSN:03885321)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.5, no.1, pp.28-34, 1984-03-01 (Released:2009-11-11)

参考文献数

5

被引用文献数

2 3

---

The morphology and friction coefficient associated with water content and lipid on the skin of the inner part of the forearm, were investigated in 250 healthy subjects. It was found by electron microscopy that skin surface exhibited a pattern formed by two types of stripes, main stripes and fine stripes and these differ in length and depth from the superficial surface of the skin. Total length of the stripes on the skin surface per unit area decreases gradually with age of subject, and the pattern of the skin surface in advanced age is mainly formed by the main stripes. Friction coefficient of the surface depends largely on the total length of the stripes per unit area. It increases monotonically with the decrease of the total length.The relationship was investigated between water content and friction coefficient on skin surface, and it was found that there was an optimum water content to minimize friction coefficient of the skin surface.

著者

奥村 雅彦 中村 博樹 町田 昌彦

出版者

公益社団法人 日本表面科学会

雑誌

表面科学 (ISSN:03885321)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.34, no.3, pp.135-142, 2013-03-10 (Released:2013-03-22)

参考文献数

25

被引用文献数

1 5

---

Since large amounts of radioisotopes of Cs was released after the accidents at Fukushima Daiichi nuclear powerplants, a tremendous number of scientists and engineers have faced several issues in terms of decontamination ofradioactive Cs. In this paper, we present our recent two computational works based on density functional theory, one of which is to clarify mechanism of strong adsorption and retention of Cs in clay minerals to establish an effective Cs removal scheme from large amounts of radioactive wastes left by decontamination activities, and the other of which is to reveal why zeolites can selectively catch Cs even in the presence of other minerals and to make a guideline to create a more improved materials to remove Cs as well as other radioactive ions.

著者

長谷川 修司 平原 徹

出版者

公益社団法人 日本表面科学会

雑誌

表面科学 (ISSN:03885321)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.32, no.4, pp.216-225, 2011-04-10 (Released:2011-04-19)

参考文献数

44

被引用文献数

2 1

---

By comparing topologically trivial materials (Au, Bi, graphene) and topological insulators (Bi1-xSbx, Bi2Se3), we discuss what the features unique to topological surface states are. The properties reported so far for topological insulators are all explained by Rashba effect due to strong spin-orbit interaction and break down of space-inversion symmetry at surfaces. Topological arguments are not needed. Spin-split surface states with spin-texture Fermi surfaces, however, are very attractive play grounds for exploring spin-flow physics.

著者

寺田 雅子

出版者

公益社団法人 日本表面科学会

雑誌

表面科学 (ISSN:03885321)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.12, no.1, pp.45-49, 1991-02-20 (Released:2009-11-11)

参考文献数

7

---

抹茶は, なぜ泡立つのだろうか。抹茶の成分と, 抹茶を点 (た) てる所作や道具の点から, 解説してみよう。抹茶には起泡成分として茶葉サポニン, 泡沫修飾成分としてペクチンが存在する。良好な泡沫を形成するためには, これらを適当な割合に溶出させることが大切な条件である。また, 茶筅さばきも重要であり, したがって泡立て中の抹茶懸濁液の動きとを追跡して, 泡沫の形成状態との関連性について述べた。さらに, 泡沫の性状が茶筅の構造に依存していることにもふれてみた。

著者

佐藤 直紀

出版者

公益社団法人 日本表面科学会

雑誌

表面科学 (ISSN:03885321)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.27, no.8, pp.480-484, 2006-08-10 (Released:2007-12-05)

参考文献数

5

被引用文献数

4 2

---

The mechanisms of beautifulness of Japanese black and brown hairs, the structure factors influencing on appearance, and technologies to develop hair shine and vividness of color are reviewed. Various types of pores in each part of the fiber generated by hair damage cause light scattering, which leads to loosing hair shine. Pore fixation technology using aqueous malic acid solution was found effective to reduce light scattering due to swelling ability of the organic acid. Furthermore, the novel chroma enhancement technology with using only shampoo and conditioner is reviewed. Fibers with surface structures having fine concaves and convexes show developing vividness in color. The mechanism of the color enhancement was explained by approximation theory of effective media, by which the refractive index of the treated fiber surfaces was estimated to be less than 1.3.

著者

栗田 一成 門野 武 奥山 亮輔 廣瀬 諒 柾田 亜由美 奥田 秀彦 古賀 祥泰

出版者

公益社団法人 日本表面科学会

雑誌

表面科学 (ISSN:03885321)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.37, no.3, pp.104-109, 2016-03-10 (Released:2016-03-23)

参考文献数

35

被引用文献数

7 9

---

In recent years, CMOS image sensor has been widely used for ubiquitous devices such as smart-phone and tablets. However, CMOS image sensors performance are dramatically influenced by process induced defects such as metallic impurities related deep level defects in the space-charge region. Thus, it is extremely important to study metallic impurities influence on CMOS image sensor performance and to develop effectiveness metallic impurities gettering technique. In this article, we introduce our new proximity gettering technique for advanced CMOS image sensor by using a carbon cluster ion implantation technique. In addition, we demonstrate that the carbon cluster ion implanted silicon wafer has high gettering capability of oxygen, hydrogen and metallic impurity after CMOS simulation heat treatment.

著者

江澤 雅彦

出版者

公益社団法人 日本表面科学会

雑誌

表面科学 (ISSN:03885321)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.35, no.8, pp.449-456, 2014-08-10 (Released:2014-08-23)

参考文献数

40

被引用文献数

1

---

We review the recent progress of the study of silicene, which is a honeycomb structure of silicon atoms. Silicene shares many similar properties with graphene but has some extra exciting properties since it is a topological insulator due to its spin-orbit interactions. Silicene has so far been synthesized only on a substrate. The synthesis and the measuring physical properties of silicene are interesting playgrounds of the surface science.

著者

中本 高道

出版者

公益社団法人 日本表面科学会

雑誌

表面科学 (ISSN:03885321)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.26, no.10, pp.629-634, 2005-10-10 (Released:2007-08-09)

参考文献数

21

---

An odor recorder for recording recipe of smell as well as reproducing it has been developed. It includes an array of sensors with partially overlapping specificities, odor blender and its recipe modification algorithm implemented in a computer. In the odor recorder, the recipe of the blended odor is iteratively modified so that the output pattern of the blended odor can agree with that of the target odor. The real-time reference method was developed to suppress the influence of the environmental change and to record the dynamical change of the odor. The target and blended odors are alternately supplied to the sensors and the recipe of the blended odor is adjusted so that the difference of the sensor responses between the two can be minimized. The dynamical change of the recipe of the four component odors in the apple flavor was successfully recorded without the influence of the environmental disturbance such as temperature and humidity changes.

著者

有賀 哲也

出版者

公益社団法人 日本表面科学会

雑誌

表面科学 (ISSN:03885321)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.27, no.6, pp.341-347, 2006-06-10 (Released:2007-12-12)

参考文献数

40

被引用文献数

3 3

---

Palladium absorbs hydrogen exothermically. Under the industrial conditions for hydrogenation reactions over palladium catalysts, palladium particles should be working as palladium hydride α'-PdHx (x > 0.6), which suggests the enrollment of absorbed hydrogen in the hydrogenation reaction. In this article, after the energetics, kinetics, and microscopic mechanism of the hydrogen absorption and release processes on palladium surface is reviewed, the recent research on the role of absorbed hydrogen on the alkene hydrogenation reaction on palladium is briefed.

著者

天野 絵里子

出版者

公益社団法人 日本表面科学会

雑誌

表面科学 (ISSN:03885321)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.37, no.6, pp.268-272, 2016-06-10 (Released:2016-06-21)

参考文献数

24

被引用文献数

1

---

This article introduces ideas and practices behind Kyoto University's Open Access Policy established in April, 2015. Kyoto University was the first Japanese university that implemented open access (OA) policies to make its scholarly articles freely accessible. This implementation has garnered wide media attention, encouraging other research universities to follow the same action. The article describes basic ideas behind Kyoto University's OA policy as well as recent developments in Japan. It also discusses what obstacles Japanese universities encounter as they endorse OA policy against multiple stakeholders in the academic publishing industry. It finally suggests what can be done to improve the whole OA system, especially in relation to potential conflicts over copyrights between universities and academic associations.

著者

坂本 友和 岸 浩史 山口 進 田中 裕久 松村 大樹 田村 和久 西畑 保雄

出版者

公益社団法人 日本表面科学会

雑誌

表面科学 (ISSN:03885321)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.37, no.2, pp.78-83, 2016-02-10 (Released:2016-02-23)

参考文献数

26

被引用文献数

2

---

We have developed direct liquid fuel anion exchange membrane fuel cell vehicles to deal with the global warming. Non-platinum group metals (PGM) catalyst has been researched to apply for both anode and cathode electrodes. A test driving was carried out for the fuel cell vehicle equipped with no precious metals as catalysts at SPring-8 in 2013. Here we introduce our results of advanced analysis for reaction mechanism and active site of non-PGM catalyst using synchrotron radiation X-rays at SPring-8.

著者

時任 静士 熊木 大介

出版者

公益社団法人 日本表面科学会

雑誌

表面科学 (ISSN:03885321)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.28, no.5, pp.242-248, 2007-05-10 (Released:2007-06-03)

参考文献数

18

被引用文献数

1 1

---

Insulator-semiconductor and electrode-semiconductor interfaces are crucial to the performance of organic thin-film transistors (TFTs). This paper reviews how to control the interfaces for improving the performance of p-type and n-type organic TFTs and p-type polymer TFTs. In particular, modifying the gate insulator surface by using self-assembled monolayers (SAMs) is our main focus. Changes in the water contact angle and surface energy by forming SAMs on the gate insulator surface are shown, and the TFT performance in the organic semiconductor layers grown on the modified surfaces is presented. Crystal growth of the organic semiconductors and charge trap sites on the gate insulator surface are discussed. They explain the improved TFT performance such as field effect mobility and current on/off ratio.

著者

森川 健志 佐藤 俊介 荒井 健男 関澤 佳太 鈴木 登美子

出版者

公益社団法人 日本表面科学会

雑誌

表面科学 (ISSN:03885321)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.38, no.6, pp.286-290, 2017-06-10 (Released:2017-06-20)

参考文献数

12

---

Developing a system for the production of organic chemicals via carbon dioxide (CO2) reduction is an important area of research that has the potential to address global warming and fossil fuel consumption. The present study demonstrates artificial photosynthesis for the direct production of organic substances under sunlight using a hybrid photocatalyst composed of a semiconductor and a metal complex catalyst. A solar to chemical energy conversion efficiency of 4.6%, calculated from the change in Gibbs free energy per mole of formic acid formation from CO2 and water (H2O), was demonstrated for CO2 photoreduction utilizing H2O as an electron donor under simulated solar light irradiation to a monolithic tablet-shaped device. These results which store solar photon energy in CO2 molecules could show promise for future progress in this field.

著者

榎本 祐嗣

出版者

公益社団法人 日本表面科学会

雑誌

表面科学 (ISSN:03885321)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.23, no.1, pp.56-61, 2002-01-10 (Released:2009-02-14)

参考文献数

22

被引用文献数

2 1

---

Electromagnetic grand anomalies prior to large earthquake occurrence have been paid attention especially after the 1995 Hyogo-ken Nanbu earthquake, though there is much of the debate whether the grand electromagnetic anomalies rest on sound scientific bases or not. Recent laboratory experiments conduced by Ikeya and his group using a Van de Graaff electrostatic generator suggested that such anomalies should be attributed to electrification of the ground level. In this “popular science” note, similar pre-seismic magnetic anomaly that happened at Edo age about 150 years ago is highlighted. Ansei-kenmon-shi published in 1856 noted that at the time about 2 h before destructive Ansei-Edo earth-quake in 1855, a natural magnetic stone at the Ohsumi's spectacle shop in Asakusa, Edo (Tokyo) dropped some iron nails, which had been attached to it. This observation led to the invention of a magnetic seismo-scope for prediction of earthquake occurrence. It is of interest to note that a scientist of ‘elektriciteit (electricity)’ at Edo-age, Sohkichi Hashimoto (1743−1836) had already demonstrated about 190 years ago that electrification of a natural magnetic stone was able to drop iron nails attached to it. The electromagnetic anomalies that accompanied to the Ansei-Edo earthquake were discussed in terms of the ‘Evaluation of proposed earthquake precursors’ given by American Geophysical Union.