著者

Ushijima Ken Irie Mitsuteru Sintawardani Neni Triastuti Jovita Hamidah Umi Ishikawa Tadaharu

出版者

SP Higher Education Press

雑誌

Frontiers of Environmental Science & Engineering (ISSN:20952201)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.7, no.1, pp.120-126, 2013-02

被引用文献数

11 1

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Material flow analysis (MFA) and value flow analysis (VFA) were applied to the sanitation system in an urban slum in Indonesia. Based on the results of the MFA and VFA, garbage and excreta disposal costs were evaluated to be 0.7% and 1.1%, respectively, of per capita income. Such value flows seem reasonable in light of the recognized affordability to pay (ATP) standard. However, current excreta disposal methods create negative impacts on downstream populations. Because such disadvantages do not go back to disposers, but passed to downstream, the current value flow structure does not motivate individual toilet users to install treatment facility. Based on current material and value flow structures, a resource recycling sanitation system scenario was examined. Based on VFA, an affordable initial cost for such a system was calculated; this was found to be comparable in price to a cheaper composting toilet that is currently available in the market.

著者

Motojima Hideko Yamada Parida Irie Mitsuteru Ozaki Masuo Shigemori Hideyuki Isoda Hiroko

出版者

Springer Japan

雑誌

Journal of material cycles and waste management (ISSN:14384957)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.14, no.3, pp.169-180, 2012-09

被引用文献数

14

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In this study, the main characteristics and soil amendment effects on the saline–alkali soil of humic acid extracted from solubilized excess sludge (SS-HA) were investigated. The excess sludge was solubilized prior to extraction to improve the humic acid recovery rate. The structural features of SS-HA were characterized by an elemental analysis, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, and 1H-nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, and compared with those of HA extracted from non-solubilized excess sludge (ES-HA). The results showed that extraction efficiency of humic acid was enhanced by using solubilization, although structural properties of humic acid extracted from solubilized excess sludge were almost the same as those of ES-HA. To study a utilization method of SS-HA, the soil amendment effects on saline–alkali soil by mixture of SS-HA were investigated with a model soil-column experiment. SS-HA reduced the pH of the saline–alkali soil, and the effect was immediately observed or faster than the case in which only peat is added. Moreover, the cation exchangeable capacity of the saline–alkali soil was enhanced by addition of SS-HA.