著者

Yusuke ENDO Jun TAMURA Tomohito ISHIZUKA Takaharu ITAMI Kiwamu HANAZONO Kenjiro MIYOSHI Tadashi SANO Kazuto YAMASHITA William W. MUIR

出版者

公益社団法人 日本獣医学会

雑誌

Journal of Veterinary Medical Science (ISSN:09167250)

巻号頁・発行日

pp.16-0287, (Released:2017-07-10)

被引用文献数

16

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Changes in stroke volume variation (SVV) and pulse pressure variation (PPV) in response to fluid infusion were experimentally evaluated during vecuronium infusion and sevoflurane anesthesia in 5 adult, mechanically ventilated, euvolemic, beagle dogs. Sequential increases in central venous pressure (CVP; 3–7[baseline], 8–12, 13–17, 18–22 and 23–27 mmHg) were produced by infusing lactated Ringer’s solution and 6% hydroxyethyl starch solution. Heart rate (beats/min), right atrial pressure (RAP, mmHg), pulmonary arterial pressure (PAP, mmHg), pulmonary capillary wedge pressure (PCWP, mmHg), transpulmonary thermodilution cardiac output (TPTDCO, L/min), stroke volume (SV, ml/beat), arterial blood pressure (ABP, mmHg), extravascular lung water (EVLW, ml), pulmonary vascular permeability index (PVPI, calculated), SVV (%), PPV (%) and systemic vascular resistance (SVR, dynes/sec/cm5) were determined at each predetermined CVP range. Heart rate (P=0.019), RAP (P<0.001), PAP (P<0.001), PCWP (P<0.001), TPTDCO (P=0.009) and SV (P=0.04) increased and SVR (P<0.001), SVV (P<0.001) and PPV (P<0.001) decreased associate with each stepwise increase in CVP. Arterial blood pressure, EVLW, PVPI and the arterial partial pressures of oxygen and carbon dioxide did not change. The changes in SVV and PPV directly reflected the fluid load and the minimum threshold values for detecting fluid responsiveness were SVV≥11% and PPV≥7% in dogs.

著者

Takaharu ITAMI Yasuo SAITO Tomohito ISHIZUKA Jun TAMURA Mohammed A. UMAR Hiroki INOUE Kenjiro MIYOSHI Kazuto YAMASHITA

出版者

公益社団法人 日本獣医学会

雑誌

Journal of Veterinary Medical Science (ISSN:09167250)

巻号頁・発行日

pp.15-0638, (Released:2016-02-11)

被引用文献数

5

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This study aimed to compare the pharmacokinetics of tramadol between young and middle-aged dogs. Tramadol (4 mg/kg) was administered intravenously (IV) to young and middle-aged dogs (2 and 8–10 years, respectively). Plasma concentrations of tramadol were measured using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), and its pharmacokinetics best fit a two-compartment model. The volume of distribution (Vd), elimination half-life (t1/2,β) and total body clearance (CLtot) of the young group were 4.77 ± 1.07 l/kg, 1.91 ± 0.26 hr and 29.9 ± 7.3 ml/min/kg, respectively, while those of the middle-aged group were 4.73 ± 1.43 l/kg, 2.39 ± 0.97 hr and 23.7 ± 5.4 ml/min/kg, respectively. Intergroup differences in the t1/2,β and CLtot were significant (P<0.05). In conclusion, tramadol excretion was significantly prolonged in middle-aged dogs.

著者

Sho FUKUI Norihiko OOYAMA Jun TAMURA Mohammed Ahmed UMAR Tomohito ISHIZUKA Takaharu ITAMI Kenjiro MIYOSHI Tadashi SANO Kazuto YAMASHITA

出版者

公益社団法人 日本獣医学会

雑誌

Journal of Veterinary Medical Science (ISSN:09167250)

巻号頁・発行日

pp.15-0666, (Released:2017-01-21)

被引用文献数

14

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Maropitant, a neurokinin-1 receptor antagonist, may provide analgesic effects by blocking pharmacological action of substance P. Carprofen is a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug commonly used for pain control in dogs. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of a combination of maropitant and carprofen on the minimum alveolar concentration for blunting adrenergic response (MAC-BAR) of sevoflurane in dogs. Six healthy adult beagle dogs were anesthetized with sevoflurane four times with a minimum of 7-day washout period. On each occasion, maropitant (1 mg/kg) alone, carprofen (4 mg/kg) alone, a combination of maropitant (1 mg/kg) and carprofen (4 mg/kg), or saline (0.1 ml/kg) was subcutaneously administered at 1 hr prior to the first electrical stimulation for the sevoflurane MAC-BAR determination. The sevoflurane MAC-BAR was significantly reduced by maropitant alone (2.88 ± 0.73%, P=0.010), carprofen alone (2.96 ± 0.38%, P=0.016) and the combination (2.81 ± 0.51%, P=0.0003), compared with saline (3.37 ± 0.56%). There was no significant difference in the percentage of MAC-BAR reductions between maropitant alone, carprofen alone and the combination. The administration of maropitant alone and carprofen alone produced clinically significant sparing effects on the sevoflurane MAC-BAR in dogs. However, the combination of maropitant and carprofen did not produce any additive effect on the sevoflurane MAC-BAR reduction. Anesthetic premedication with a combination of maropitant and carprofen may not provide the sparing effect on anesthetic requirement in dogs.

著者

Jun TAMURA Tomohito ISHIZUKA Sho FUKUI Norihiko OYAMA Kodai KAWASE Takaharu ITAMI Kenjiro MIYOSHI Tadashi SANO Kirby PASLOSKE Kazuto YAMASHITA

出版者

公益社団法人 日本獣医学会

雑誌

Journal of Veterinary Medical Science (ISSN:09167250)

巻号頁・発行日

pp.14-0200, (Released:2015-03-19)

被引用文献数

48

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The sedative effects of intramuscular (IM) alfaxalone in 2-hydroxypropyl-beta-cyclodextrin (alfaxalone-HPCD) were evaluated in cats. The cats were treated with alfaxalone-HPCD in five occasions with a minimum 14-day interval between treatments: an IM injection of 1.0 mg/kg (IM1), 2.5 mg/kg (IM2.5), 5 mg/kg (IM5) or 10 mg/kg (IM10), or an intravenous injection of 5 mg/kg (IV5). The sedative effects were evaluated subjectively using a composite measurement scoring system (a maximum score of 16). Cardio-respiratory variables were measured non-invasively. The median sedation scores peaked at 10 min (score 9), 15 min (score 14), 10 min (score 16), 10 to 20 min (score 16) and 2 to 5 min (score 16) after the IM1, IM2.5, IM5, IM10 and IV5 treatment, respectively. The IM5 treatment produced longer lasting sedation, compared to the IV5 treatment. Durations of maintenance of lateral recumbency after the IM10 treatment (115 ± 22 min) were longer than those after the IM2.5 (40 ± 15 min), IM5 (76 ± 21 min) and IV5 treatments (50 ± 5 min). Cardio-respiratory variables remained within clinically acceptable ranges, except for each one cat that showed hypotension (<60 mmHg) after the IM10 and IV5 treatments. Tremors, ataxia and opisthotonus-like posture were observed during the early recovery period after the IM2.5, IM5, IM10 and IV5 treatments. In conclusion, IM alfaxalone-HPCD produced dose-dependent and clinically relevant sedative effect at 2.5 to 10 mg/kg in healthy cats. Hypotension may occur at higher IM doses of alfaxalone-HPCD.

著者

Kazuto YAMASHITA Erika FURUKAWA Takaharu ITAMI Tomohito ISHIZUKA Jun TAMURA Kenjirou MIYOSHI

出版者

公益社団法人 日本獣医学会

雑誌

Journal of Veterinary Medical Science (ISSN:09167250)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.74, no.4, pp.507-511, 2012 (Released:2012-04-29)

参考文献数

28

被引用文献数

1 11 1

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It is well known that heart rate or arterial blood pressure may increase in response to surgical stimulation despite the absence of a purposeful movement. However, there is limited information regarding anesthetic requirement for blunting adrenergic response in dogs. This study was designed to compare the minimum alveolar concentrations of sevoflurane required to prevent autonomic response (MAC-BAR) and purposeful movement (MAC) in dogs. Sevoflurane MAC-BAR and MAC were determined in 5 beagle dogs by judging dogs' response to a noxious electrical stimulus applied to the gingiva. The sevoflurane MAC-BAR was significantly higher than MAC (3.33 ± 0.48 vs 2.10 ± 0.28%, P=0.005). These results suggested that autonomic responses occurred at sevoflurane anesthetic concentrations at which purposeful movements were absent.

著者

Kiwamu HANAZONO Mako NAKAMOTO Ai HORI Kenjiro MIYOSHI Tetsuya NAKADE Takaharu ITAMI Tadashi SANO Keiko KATO Akifumi ITO Kakeru TANAKA Kazuto YAMASHITA Daiji ENDOH

出版者

JAPANESE SOCIETY OF VETERINARY SCIENCE

雑誌

Journal of Veterinary Medical Science (ISSN:09167250)

巻号頁・発行日

pp.22-0122, (Released:2022-10-14)

被引用文献数

1

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This study investigated the association between caudal vena cava (CVC) size and circulatory dynamics in dogs using computed tomography (CT) under general anesthesia. The subjects were 104 dogs who had undergone CT under general anesthesia in the past. The ratio of short diameter of the CVC to aortic diameter (CVCS/Ao) and the ratio of long to short diameter of the CVC (CVCL/CVCS) in the thorax and abdomen, respectively, were calculated using factors such as mean blood pressure (MBP), shock index (SI), anemia, hypoproteinemia, presence of intra-abdominal mass, and cardiac disease. There was a significant but negligible negative correlation between CVCS/Ao and MBP. In contrast, no significant correlation was found between CVC size and SI. The low MBP group had significantly higher CVCS/Ao of the thorax than the normal MBP group. The group with intra-abdominal mass had significantly lower CVCS/Ao of the abdomen than the group without intra-abdominal mass. The group with cardiac disease had significantly lower CVCL/CVCS of the thorax than the group without cardiac disease. In multiple regression analysis, low MBP, cardiac disease, intra-abdominal mass, and anemia were significant factors for CVCS/Ao of the thorax, CVCL/CVCS of the thorax, CVCS/Ao of the abdomen, and CVCL/CVCS of the abdomen, respectively. In conclusion, CVC size assessment using CT in dogs under general anesthesia is influenced by various factors.

著者

Jun TAMURA Norihiko OYAMA Sho FUKUI Kazuto YAMASHITA

出版者

JAPANESE SOCIETY OF VETERINARY SCIENCE

雑誌

Journal of Veterinary Medical Science (ISSN:09167250)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.83, no.1, pp.73-77, 2021 (Released:2021-01-14)

参考文献数

21

被引用文献数

5

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To compare the anesthetic effects after intravenous administration of alfaxalone or propofol without premedication, either alfaxalone (5 mg/kg) or propofol (10 mg/kg) was administered intravenously over 120 sec in 6 cats. Each cat received the alternate treatment at least a 7-day interval. Anesthetic effects (tolerance of intubation, behavior changes and neurodepressive score) and physiological parameters were evaluated. Both treatments produced a rapid loss of consciousness, no apnea, and physiological parameters were maintained within clinically acceptable ranges apart from transient hypoxemia. The degree of hypoxemia was greater after the propofol treatment compared with the alfaxalone treatment. During the recovery period, more adverse events (ataxia, muscular tremors) were observed after the alfaxalone treatment compared with the propofol treatment.

著者

Haruka TAMOGI Takaharu ITAMI Ai HORI Norihiko OYAMA Tadashi SANO Kazuto YAMASHITA

出版者

JAPANESE SOCIETY OF VETERINARY SCIENCE

雑誌

Journal of Veterinary Medical Science (ISSN:09167250)

巻号頁・発行日

pp.20-0333, (Released:2020-09-22)

被引用文献数

2

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An 11-year-old Toy Poodle underwent a computed tomography examination with contrast (iohexol) enhancement under anesthesia. Heart rate and R-wave amplitude on electrocardiogram (ECG) increased 2.5 minutes after iohexol administration, and end-tidal carbon dioxide decreased to 12 mmHg. A progressive ST segment depression was observed on ECG. Subsequently, the ECG waveform changed to ventricular fibrillation. However, spontaneous circulation returned following cardiopulmonary resuscitation. Myocardial ischemia or anaphylactic shock was suspected in the dog, which explains the ST segment depression observed on ECG. When performing radiological examinations with a contrast agent, the ECG waveform changes, such as an increase in heart rate, R-wave amplitude, or ST segment depression, should be carefully monitored. This might enable early detection of cardiac dysfunction and the ensuing cardiac arrest in dogs.

著者

Keiko KATO Takaharu ITAMI Ken NOMOTO Yusuke ENDO Jun TAMURA Norihiko OYAMA Tadashi SANO Kazuto YAMASHITA

出版者

JAPANESE SOCIETY OF VETERINARY SCIENCE

雑誌

Journal of Veterinary Medical Science (ISSN:09167250)

巻号頁・発行日

pp.20-0330, (Released:2020-11-13)

被引用文献数

8

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We aimed to evaluate the induction, anesthesia, and cardiorespiratory effects of intramuscular (IM) anesthetic protocol with alfaxalone following premedication with low-dose medetomidine, butorphanol, or a combination of both (medetomidine–butorphanol) in dogs. Six healthy beagles were administered 1, 2.5, or 5 mg/kg alfaxalone IM following premedication with low-dose medetomidine (5 µg/kg; MA-IM), butorphanol (0.3 mg/kg; BA-IM), or medetomidine-butorphanol (5 µg/kg and 0.3 mg/kg, respectively; MBA-IM). Each dog received 9 treatments with minimum 7-day washout period between treatments. Dogs were allowed to breath room air during anesthetic induction. We attempted endotracheal intubation after alfaxalone administration. Alfaxalone produced a dose-dependent anesthetic effect in each anesthetic protocol. Intubation was achieved in 4 out of 6 dogs that received MA-IM and BA-IM with 2.5 mg/kg alfaxalone and in all dogs that received MBA-IM with 1, 2.5, and 5 mg/kg alfaxalone. The median durations [minimum–maximum] of accepting intubation were 79 [0–89], 97 [84–120], and 117 [84–217] min, respectively. Hypotension (mean arterial blood pressure <60 mmHg) did not develop, but bradycardia (heart rate <60 beats/min) was observed in all dogs that received the MA-IM and MBA-IM protocols. Severe hypoxemia (percutaneous arterial oxygen saturation <90%) developed in 2 dogs that received MBA-IM with 5 mg/kg alfaxalone. We consider that the MA-IM and BA-IM protocols with ≥2.5 mg/kg alfaxalone and the MBA-IM protocol with 1–2.5 mg/kg alfaxalone could provide clinically useful and effective anesthesia without causing severe cardiorespiratory depression in healthy dogs.

著者

Seiya MAEHARA Naoya MATSUMOTO Naoaki TAKIYAMA Yoshiki ITOH Yasunari KITAMURA Kazuto YAMASHITA Tadashi SANO Takaharu ITAMI Norihiko OYAMA Miri HAYASHI Reiko KATO Arisa SHIMODE Arisa MASUKO

出版者

JAPANESE SOCIETY OF VETERINARY SCIENCE

雑誌

Journal of Veterinary Medical Science (ISSN:09167250)

巻号頁・発行日

pp.19-0639, (Released:2020-04-14)

被引用文献数

3

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A twenty-year-old male Asiatic black bear (Ursus thibetanus) presented at the Rakuno Gakuen University Animal Medical Center with a 10-year history of bilateral blindness and cataracts. Surgical treatment of bilateral cataracts by extracapsular lensextraction using phacoemulsification and aspiration (PEA) was performed under general anesthesia. An anterior capsulectomy was performed using micro iris scissors and micro anterior lens capsule forceps. The cataract was removed with PEA using the two-handed technique. After surgery, systemic corticosteroids, anti-inflammatory drugs and antibiotics were administered. After cataract removal, the bear had recovered vision, and good quality vision has been maintained to date (15 months). PEA can be a safe and effective treatment for cataracts that impair vision in bears.

著者

Hisashi SAKATA Yushun ISHIKAWA Genki ISHIHARA Norihiko OYAMA Takaharu ITAMI Mohammed Ahmed UMAR Tadashi SANO Kazuto YAMASHITA

出版者

JAPANESE SOCIETY OF VETERINARY SCIENCE

雑誌

Journal of Veterinary Medical Science (ISSN:09167250)

巻号頁・発行日

pp.18-0479, (Released:2019-01-30)

被引用文献数

7

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This study evaluated the effect of sevoflurane anesthesia on neuromuscular blockade with rocuronium in dogs. Six healthy beagle dogs were anesthetized four times with a minimum 14-day washout period. On each occasion, the dogs were administered 1.25-, 1.5-, 1.75-, or 2.0-fold of the individualized minimum alveolar concentration (MAC) of sevoflurane and received an infusion of rocuronium (0.5 mg/kg followed by 0.2 mg/kg/h) for 120 min. Neuromuscular function was monitored with acceleromyography and train-of-four (TOF) stimulation of the left hind limb. Time to achieve TOF count 0 (onset time), time from the onset of neuromuscular blockade to the reappearance of TOF count 4 (blockade period), and time from the onset of rocuronium infusion to attaining a 70 or 90% TOF ratio (TOFR70 or TOFR90) were recorded. There were no significant differences in the onset time, blockade period, and plasma rocuronium concentration between the sevoflurane MAC multiples. The TOFR70 and TOFR90 were dose-dependently prolonged with the sevoflurane MAC multiples. There were significant differences in the TOFR70 and TOFR90 between the 1.25 sevoflurane MAC (median: 55 and 77.5 min, respectively) and 1.75 sevoflurane MAC (122.0 and 122.6 min; P=0.020 and P=0.020, respectively), 1.25 sevoflurane MAC and 2.0 sevoflurane MAC (126.0 and 131.4 min; P=0.020 and P=0.020), and 1.5 sevoflurane MAC (97.5 and 121.3 min) and 2.0 sevoflurane MAC (P=0.033 and P=0.032). In dogs, sevoflurane anesthesia produced dose-dependent prolongation of recovery from neuromuscular blockade produced by rocuronium.

著者

Norihiko OYAMA Tadashi SANO Mizuki YAMAMORI Jun TAMURA Mohammed Ahmed UMAR Yusuke ENDO Yusyun ISHIKAWA Akifumi ITOH Kenjirou MIYOSHI Kazuto YAMASHITA

出版者

JAPANESE SOCIETY OF VETERINARY SCIENCE

雑誌

Journal of Veterinary Medical Science (ISSN:09167250)

巻号頁・発行日

pp.17-0356, (Released:2018-08-03)

被引用文献数

1

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Robenacoxib is a novel nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug approved for dogs. The present study aimed to evaluate influences of sevoflurane anesthesia on the distribution of robenacoxib in dogs. Ten healthy beagle dogs (1 to 11 years old, 9.3 to 14.3 kg body weight, 6 males and 4 females) were subcutaneously administered robenacoxib (2 mg/kg) under conscious condition or sevoflurane anesthesia inhaled a 1.3-fold predetermined individual minimum alveolar concentration of sevoflurane at a 28-day interval. The dogs under sevoflurane anesthesia were also mechanically ventilated and received fluid-therapy. On each occasion, serum samples were collected from the dogs before and at 5, 15, 30, 60, 120, 180 and 240 min after the robenacoxib administration. Serum robenacoxib concentration was measured by a liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. Maximum serum concentration of robenacoxib (Cmax) was 2.2 μg/ml [range: 1.2–4.6] (median [range: minimum–maximum]) and time of Cmax (Tmax) was 90 min [range: 60–120] in the conscious dogs. In the sevoflurane-anesthetized dogs, the Cmax significantly declined (1.3 μg/ml [range: 0.8–1.4], P=0.008) and Tmax was delayed (120 min [range: 120–240], P=0.018) compared with those in the conscious dogs. The serum robenacoxib concentration at 240 min (C240) decreased to 0.5 μg/ml [range: 0.2–0.9] in the conscious dogs, while it remained higher in the sevoflurane-anesthetized dogs (1.0 μg/ml [range: 0.3–1.4], P=0.011). In conclusion, the anesthetic procedure with sevoflurane, mechanically ventilated, and received fluid-therapy might affect the pharmacokinetics of subcutaneously administered robenacoxib in dogs.

著者

Koudai KAWASE Hazuki UJIIE Motonori TAKAKI Kazuto YAMASHITA

出版者

JAPANESE SOCIETY OF VETERINARY SCIENCE

雑誌

Journal of Veterinary Medical Science (ISSN:09167250)

巻号頁・発行日

pp.17-0107, (Released:2018-01-29)

被引用文献数

14

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A set of evidence-based consensus guidelines for cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) in dogs and cats (RECOVER guidelines) was published in 2012. The purpose of this study was to investigate the clinical outcomes of CPR performed according to those guidelines in dogs. A total of 141 dogs with cardiopulmonary arrest (CPA) were identified and underwent CPR between January 2012 and December 2015 at the Sapporo Nighttime Animal Hospital. CPR was performed according to no-consensus traditional veterinary CPR procedures in 68 dogs (TRADITIONAL group), and according to the RECOVER guidelines in 73 dogs (RECOVER group). There was no significant difference in the age, body weight, or time from CPA identification to initiation of CPR between the TRADITIONAL and RECOVER groups (median [range]: 10 [0–16] vs. 11 [0–16] years; 6.6 [1.0–58.6] vs. 5.5 [1.1–30.4] kg; and 0 [0–30] vs. 0 [0–30] min, respectively). In the TRADITIONAL group, 12 dogs (17%) achieved a return of spontaneous circulation (ROSC), but none survived to hospital discharge. However, 32 dogs (43%) in the RECOVER group achieved ROSC, and 4 (5%) were discharged from the hospital. Incorporating the RECOVER guidelines into clinical practice significantly improved the ROSC rate (P=0.001). However, the rate of survival to hospital discharge was still low. This may suggest that a superior intensive care unit that provides advanced post-CPA care could benefit veterinary CPR patients.

著者

Jun TAMURA Naohiro HATAKEYAMA Tomohito ISHIZUKA Takaharu ITAMI Sho FUKUI Kenjiro MIYOSHI Tadashi SANO Kirby PASLOSKE Kazuto YAMASHITA

出版者

公益社団法人 日本獣医学会

雑誌

Journal of Veterinary Medical Science (ISSN:09167250)

巻号頁・発行日

pp.15-0159, (Released:2016-02-11)

被引用文献数

24

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The pharmacological effects of intramuscular (IM) administration of alfaxalone combined with medetomidine and butorphanol were evaluated in 6 healthy beagle dogs. Each dog received three treatments with a minimum 10-day interval between treatments. The dogs received an IM injection of alfaxalone 2.5 mg/kg (ALFX), medetomidine 2.5 µg/kg and butorphanol 0.25 mg/kg (MB), or their combination (MBA) 1 hr after the recovery from their instrumentation. Endotracheal intubation was attempted and dogs were allowed to breath room air. Neuro-depressive effects (behavior changes and subjective scores), and cardiorespiratory parameters (rectal temperature, heart rate, respiratory rate, direct blood pressure, central venous pressure and blood gases) were evaluated before and at 2 to 120 min after IM treatment. Each dog became lateral recumbency, except for two dogs administered the MB treatment. The duration was longer in the MBA treatment compared with the ALFX treatment (100 ± 48 min vs. 46 ± 13 min). Maintenance of the endotracheal tube lasted for 60 ± 24 min in five dogs administered the MBA treatment and for 20 min in one dog administered the ALFX treatment. Cardiorespiratory variables were maintained within clinically acceptable ranges, although decreases in heart and respiratory rates, and increases in central venous pressure occurred after the MBA and MB treatments. The MBA treatment provided an anesthetic effect that permitted endotracheal intubation without severe cardiorespiratory depression in healthy dogs.

著者

Jun TAMURA Takaharu ITAMI Tomohito ISHIZUKA Sho FUKUI Kenjirou MIYOSHI Tadashi SANO Kazuto YAMASHITA

出版者

公益社団法人 日本獣医学会

雑誌

Journal of Veterinary Medical Science (ISSN:09167250)

巻号頁・発行日

pp.14-0503, (Released:2015-03-05)

被引用文献数

13

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To determine the reference level of central venous oxygen saturation (ScvO2) and clinical efficacy of central venous blood gas analysis, partial pressures of oxygen and carbon dioxide, pH, oxygen saturation, base excess (B.E.) and HCO3 concentration were compared between simultaneously obtained central venous and arterial blood samples from conscious healthy 6 dogs and 5 cats. Comparisons between arteriovenous samples were performed by a paired t-test and Bland-Altman analysis. Between arteriovenous samples, B.E. showed good agreement, but there were significant differences in other parameters in the dogs, and no good agreement was detected in cats. The ScvO2 in dogs and cats were 82.3 ± 3.5 and 62.4 ± 13.5%, respectively. Central venous blood gas analysis is indispensable, especially in cats.

著者

Jun TAMURA Tomohito ISHIZUKA Sho FUKUI Norihiko OYAMA Kodai KAWASE Kenjiro MIYOSHI Tadashi SANO Kirby PASLOSKE Kazuto YAMASHITA

出版者

公益社団法人 日本獣医学会

雑誌

Journal of Veterinary Medical Science (ISSN:09167250)

巻号頁・発行日

pp.14-0368, (Released:2014-11-27)

被引用文献数

2 51

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The pharmacological effects of the anesthetic alfaxalone were evaluated after intramuscular (IM) administration to 6 healthy beagle dogs. The dogs received three IM doses each of alfaxalone at increasing dose rates of 5 mg/kg (IM5), 7.5 mg/kg (IM7.5) and 10 mg/kg (IM10) every other day. Anesthetic effect was subjectively evaluated by using an ordinal scoring system to determine the degree of neuro-depression and the quality of anesthetic induction and recovery from anesthesia. Cardiorespiratory variables were measured using noninvasive methods. Alfaxalone administered IM produced dose-dependent neuro-depression and lateral recumbency (i.e., 36 ± 28 min, 87 ± 26 min and 115 ± 29 min after the IM5, IM7.5 and IM10 treatments, respectively). The endotracheal tube was tolerated in all dogs for 46 ± 20 and 58 ± 21 min after the IM7.5 and IM10 treatments, respectively. It was not possible to place endotracheal tubes in 5 of the 6 dogs after the IM5 treatment. Most cardiorespiratory variables remained within clinically acceptable ranges, but hypoxemia was observed by pulse oximetry for 5 to 10 min in two dogs receiving the IM10 treatment. Dose-dependent decreases in rectal temperature, respiratory rate and arterial blood pressure also occurred. The quality of recovery was considered satisfactory in all dogs receiving each treatment; all the dog exhibited transient muscular tremors and staggering gait. In conclusion, IM alfaxalone produced a dose-dependent anesthetic effect with relatively mild cardiorespiratory depression in dogs. However, hypoxemia may occur at higher IM doses of alfaxalone.

著者

Yosuke ITO Seiya MAEHARA Yoshiki ITOH Miri HAYASHI Akira KUBO Takaharu ITAMI Tomohito ISHIZUKA Jun TAMURA Kazuto YAMASHITA

出版者

公益社団法人 日本獣医学会

雑誌

Journal of Veterinary Medical Science (ISSN:09167250)

巻号頁・発行日

pp.14-0345, (Released:2014-11-05)

被引用文献数

1 7

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The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of sevoflurane concentration on canine visual evoked potentials with pattern stimulation (P-VEPs). Six clinically normal laboratory-beagle dogs were used. The minimum alveolar concentration (MAC) of sevoflurane was detected from all subjects by tail clamp method. The refractive power of the right eyes of all subjects was corrected to −2 diopters after skiascopy. For P-VEP recording, the recording and reference electrode were positioned at inion and nasion, respectively, and the earth electrode was positioned on the inner surface. To grasp the state of CNS suppression objectively, the bispectral index (BIS) value was used. The stimulus pattern size and distance for VEP recording were constant, 50.3 arc-min and 50 cm, respectively. P-VEPs and BIS values were recorded under sevoflurane in oxygen inhalational anesthesia at 0.5, 1.0, 1.5, 2.0, 2.5 and 2.75 sevoflurane MAC. For analysis of P-VEP, the P100 implicit time and N75-P100 amplitude were estimated. P-VEPs were detected at 0.5 to 1.5 MAC in all dogs, and disappeared at 2.0 MAC in four dogs and at 2.5 and 2.75 MAC in one dog each. The BIS value decreased with increasing sevoflurane MAC, and burst suppression began to appear from 1.5 MAC. There was no significant change in P100 implicit time and N75-P100 amplitude with any concentration of sevoflurane. At concentrations around 1.5 MAC, which are used routinely to immobilize dogs, sevoflurane showed no effect on P-VEP.

著者

Rafael MORAN-MUÑOZ J. A. IBANCOVICHI Eduardo GUTIERREZ-BLANCO Carlos M. ACEVEDO-ARCIQUE J. Mauro VICTORIA MORA Francisco J. TENDILLO Martin SANTOS-GONZALEZ Kazuto YAMASHITA

出版者

公益社団法人 日本獣医学会

雑誌

Journal of Veterinary Medical Science (ISSN:09167250)

巻号頁・発行日

pp.13-0407, (Released:2014-02-27)

被引用文献数

3 21

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The aim of this study was to determine the effects of lidocaine (LIDO) and dexmedetomidine (DEX) or their combination (LIDO–DEX), administered by constant-rate infusion (CRI), on the minimum alveolar concentration (MAC) of sevoflurane in dogs. Seven healthy mongrel dogs were used with a 2-week washout interval between treatments in this study. Anesthesia was induced with propofol and maintained with sevoflurane in oxygen and MAC of sevoflurane was determined after 90 min equilibration period in the dogs (SEV-MACBASAL). Then, sevoflurane MAC was determined again in the dogs after 45 min equilibration period of one of the following treatments: an intravenous loading dose of lidocaine 2 mg/kg followed by 6 mg/kg/hr CRI (SEV-MACLIDO); an intravenous loading dose of dexmedetomidine 2 µg/kg followed by 2 µg/kg/hr CRI (SEV-MACDEX); or their combination (SEV-MACLIDO-DEX). These SEV-MACs were determined in duplicate. Data were analyzed using ANOVA and post hoc Tuckey test when appropriate. The SEV-MACBASAL was 1.82 ± 0.06%, SEV-MACLIDO was 1.38 ± 0.08%, SEV-MACDEX was 1.22 ± 0.10%, and SEV-MACLIDO-DEX was 0.78 ± 0.06%. The CRI administration of lidocaine, dexmedetomidine and their combination produced a significant reduction in the MAC of sevoflurane by 26.1 ± 9.0% (P<0.0001), 43.7 ± 11.8% (P<0.0002) and 54.4 ± 9.8% (P<0.0001), respectively. The MAC reduction was significantly greater after the CRI combination of lidocaine and dexmedetomidine when compared with lidocaine CRI (P<0.0001) or dexmedetomidine CRI treatments (P<0.025).

著者

Jun TAMURA Takaharu ITAMI Tomohito ISHIZUKA Sho FUKUI Norihiko OOYAMA Kenjiro MIYOSHI Tadashi SANO Kazuto YAMASHITA

出版者

公益社団法人 日本獣医学会

雑誌

Journal of Veterinary Medical Science (ISSN:09167250)

巻号頁・発行日

pp.13-0042, (Released:2013-09-04)

被引用文献数

1 8

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Robenacoxib is a newer nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug approved for dogs and cats. This study was designed to evaluate the effect of robenacoxib on the minimum alveolar concentration for blunting adrenergic response (MAC-BAR) of sevoflurane in dogs. Sevoflurane MAC-BAR was determined by judging dogs’ response to a noxious electrical stimulus (50 V, 50 Hz and 10 msec) for 10 sec in 6 beagle dogs on two occasions at least a 7-day interval. In each occasion, saline (0.1 ml/kg) or robenacoxib (2 mg/kg) was administered subcutaneously at 1 hr prior to the MAC-BAR determination. Robenacoxib significantly decreased the sevoflurane MAC-BAR (3.44 ± 0.53% for saline vs. 2.84 ± 0.38% for robenacoxib, P=0.039). These results suggest that subcutaneous robenacoxib provides a clinically relevant sparing effect on anesthetic requirement.

著者

Takaharu ITAMI Kodai KAWASE Naomichi TAMARU Tomohito ISHIZUKA Jun TAMURA Kenjirou MIYOSHI Mohammed A. UMAR Hiroki INOUE Kazuto YAMASHITA

出版者

公益社団法人 日本獣医学会

雑誌

Journal of Veterinary Medical Science (ISSN:09167250)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.75, no.5, pp.613-618, 2013 (Released:2013-05-31)

参考文献数

30

被引用文献数

5 14

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Tramadol is an atypical opioid analgesic widely used in small animal practice. This study was designed to determine the effect of a single intravenous (IV) dose of tramadol on the minimum alveolar concentration (MAC) of sevoflurane in dogs. Six beagle dogs were anesthetized twice to determine the sevoflurane MAC with or without an administration of tramadol (4 mg/kg, IV) at 7 days interval. The sevoflurane MAC was determined using a tail clamp method in each dog ventilated with positive pressure ventilation. The tramadol administration produced a significant reduction in the sevoflurane MAC by 22.3 ± 12.2% (1.44 ± 0.28% with tramadol versus 1.86 ± 0.30% without tramadol, P=0.010). This MAC reduction had been determined from 122 ± 19 to 180 ± 41 min following the tramadol administration. During this period, the plasma concentrations of tramadol and its metabolite, O-desmethyltramadol (M1), decreased from 429 ± 64 to 332 ± 55 ng/ml and from 136 ± 24 to 114 ± 68 ng/ml, respectively, but these changes were not statistically significant. There was no significant difference in heart rate, mean arterial blood pressure and SpO2 between the control and tramadol treatment. The dogs that received tramadol treatment sometimes breathed spontaneously. Therefore, their respiratory rates significantly increased, and PETCO2 decreased during the MAC determination. In conclusion, the single IV dose of tramadol produced a significant reduction in the sevoflurane MAC in dogs.