- 著者
- Koichi Hashimoto Hajime Maeda Kyohei Miyazaki Masahiro Watanabe Sakurako Norito Ryo Maeda Yohei Kume Takashi Ono Mina Chishiki Kazuhide Suyama Masatoki Sato Mitsuaki Hosoya
- 出版者
- National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Japanese Journal of Infectious Diseases Editorial Committee
- 雑誌
- Japanese Journal of Infectious Diseases (ISSN:13446304)
- 巻号頁・発行日
- vol.74, no.2, pp.154-156, 2021-03-31 (Released:2021-03-24)
- 参考文献数
- 13
- 被引用文献数
- 1 3
Subacute sclerosing panencephalitis (SSPE) is a late-onset, intractable, and fatal viral disease caused by persistent infection of the central nervous system with a measles virus mutant (SSPE virus). In Japan, interferon-α and ribavirin are administered intracerebroventricularly to patients with SSPE. However, as the therapeutic effect is insufficient, more effective drugs are needed. Favipiravir, which is clinically used as an anti-influenza drug, demonstrates anti-viral effects against RNA viruses. In this study, the antiviral effect of favipiravir against measles virus (Edmonston strain) and SSPE virus (Yamagata-1 strain) was examined in vitro. The 50% effective concentration (EC50) of favipiravir (inhibiting viral plaque formation by 50%) against Edmonston and Yamagata-1 strains were 108.7 ± 2.0 μM (17.1 ± 0.3 μg/mL) and 38.6 ± 6.0 μM (6.1 ± 0.9 μg/mL), respectively, which were similar to those of ribavirin. The antiviral activity of favipiravir against the SSPE virus was demonstrated for the first time in this study.
- 著者
- Koichi Hashimoto Hajime Maeda Hajime Iwasa Hyo Kyozuka Ryo Maeda Yohei Kume Takashi Ono Mina Chishiki Akiko Sato Yuka Ogata Tsuyoshi Murata Keiya Fujimori Kosei Shinoki Hidekazu Nishigori Seiji Yasumura Mitsuaki Hosoya the Japan Environment and Children’s Study (JECS) Group
- 出版者
- Japan Epidemiological Association
- 雑誌
- Journal of Epidemiology (ISSN:09175040)
- 巻号頁・発行日
- vol.33, no.10, pp.489-497, 2023-10-05 (Released:2023-10-05)
- 参考文献数
- 49
Background: Tobacco exposure during pregnancy is associated with several adverse outcomes in infants. We investigated the association between tobacco exposure during pregnancy (both active and second-hand) and various infections in infants up to 1 year.Methods: This prospective cohort study used a fixed dataset (jecs-an-20180131) from the Japan Environment and Children’s Study of registered births in Japan during 2011–2014 that included 104,065 fetal records from enrolled pregnant women. Based on the participants’ responses to the questionnaire on smoking status, mothers were first divided into “never smoked,” “quit smoking,” and “current smoker” groups and then into “no second-hand smoking (SHS)” and “SHS” groups. Infectious diseases included central nervous system infection, otitis media (OM), upper respiratory tract infection (URTI), lower respiratory tract infection (LRTI), gastroenteritis (GI), and urinary tract infection. Adjusted odds ratios (aORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated using logistic regression analysis and adjusted for maternal, socioeconomic, and postnatal confounding factors.Results: Among the 73,205 newborns enrolled, multivariable analysis revealed that the aOR of LRTI and GI was 1.20 (95% CI, 1.07–1.33) and 1.18 (95% CI, 1.04–1.35), respectively, for the “current smoker with/without SHS” group compared with the “never smoked without SHS” group. “Quit smoking without SHS” was not associated with the risk of LRTI. SHS was associated with an increased risk of OM, URTI, LRTI, and GI, especially with LRTI and GI.Conclusion: Exposure to tobacco smoke during pregnancy was associated with an increased risk of OM, URTI, LRTI, and GI in infants during their first year of life.
- 著者
- Hiroaki Satoh Kanako Okazaki Tetsuya Ohira Akira Sakai Mitsuaki Hosoya Seiji Yasumura Yukihiko Kawasaki Koichi Hashimoto Akira Ohtsuru Atsushi Takahashi Kazuyuki Watanabe Michio Shimabukuro Junichiro James Kazama Shigeatsu Hashimoto Gen Kobashi Hiromasa Ohira Hitoshi Ohto Kenji Kamiya
- 出版者
- Japan Epidemiological Association
- 雑誌
- Journal of Epidemiology (ISSN:09175040)
- 巻号頁・発行日
- vol.32, no.6, pp.277-282, 2022-06-05 (Released:2022-06-05)
- 参考文献数
- 17
- 被引用文献数
- 3
Background: The Great East Japan Earthquake and the Fukushima Daiichi nuclear disaster forced the evacuation of residents and led to many changes in lifestyle for the evacuees. The Comprehensive Health Check was implemented to support the prevention of lifestyle-related disease and we analyzed the effect of prolonged evacuation (average of 3.0 years) on the new onset of hyper-LDL cholesterolemia.Methods: The study participants were Japanese adults living near the Fukushima Daiichi nuclear power plant in Fukushima Prefecture. Annual health checkups focusing on metabolic syndromes were conducted for persons ≥40 years by the Specific Health Checkup. Based on data from annual checkups from 2011 or 2012, we followed 18,670 participants without hyper-LDL cholesterolemia who underwent at least one other annual checkup during 2013–2015.Results: We found that the new onset of hyper-LDL cholesterolemia was 31% higher in evacuees than in non-evacuees. Evacuees had a significantly higher prevalence of obesity, hypertension, and diabetes, and higher frequency of weight change. Furthermore, logistic regression model analysis showed that the evacuation was significantly associated with the new onset of hyper-LDL cholesterolemia after adjusting age, gender, body mass index, smoking habit, alcohol consumption, diabetes, weight change, sleep deprivation, and exercise.Conclusion: The findings of the present study suggest that prolonged evacuation after a disaster is a risk factor for the new onset of hyper-LDL cholesterolemia, and lead to an increase in cardiovascular disease. It is therefore important to follow-up evacuees and recommend lifestyle changes where necessary.