著者

Tetsuhiko Yasuno Koji Takahashi Kazuhiro Tada Hiroto Hiyamuta Maho Watanabe Kenji Ito Hisatomi Arima Kosuke Masutani

出版者

The Japanese Society of Internal Medicine

雑誌

Internal Medicine (ISSN:09182918)

巻号頁・発行日

pp.1602-23, (Released:2023-06-21)

参考文献数

23

被引用文献数

1

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Background The gut bacterial microbiota is altered in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD). However, the bacterial composition at each stage of CKD is unclear in these patients, including those receiving renal replacement therapy. We herein report the changes in the gut microbiota among patients with CKD. Methods A total of 93 individuals were recruited for the study. Seventy-three patients had stage 3-5 CKD, including those receiving renal replacement therapy (CKD group), and 20 were age- and sex-matched controls (CKD stage 1-2). The gut microbiome composition was analyzed using a 16S ribosomal RNA gene-based sequencing protocol. Results At the genus level, the butyrate-producing bacteria Lachnospira, Blautia, Coprococcus, Anaerostipes, and Roseburia were more abundant in the control group (linear discriminant analysis score of >3) than in the CKD group. Lachnospira was more abundant in the control group than in patients with CKD stage 3a. Compared to the control group, multiplex butyrate-producing bacteria were deficient in patients with CKD stage 3b-5D, including in patients receiving renal replacement therapy. Conclusion Our findings highlight the fact that the gut bacterial composition, including butyrate-producing bacteria, deteriorates from CKD stage 3b. Even after renal replacement therapy, the bacterial composition did not change.

著者

Maho Watanabe Kouhei Ohnishi Yasufumi Hikichi Akinori Kiba

出版者

Japanese Society for Plant Biotechnology

雑誌

Plant Biotechnology (ISSN:13424580)

巻号頁・発行日

pp.22.1121a, (Released:2023-01-23)

参考文献数

34

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Target of rapamycin (TOR) regulates essential processes associated with plant growth, development, and cell death by modulating metabolic activities and translation in response to environmental signals. The ATP-competitive TOR inhibitor AZD8055 suppressed the hypersensitive response (HR) cell death in Nicotiana benthamiana infected with the incompatible Ralstonia solanacearum. The induced expression of the HR marker gene hin1 was also inhibited by the AZD8055 treatment. To further clarify the mechanisms underlying TOR-regulated HR cell death, we focused on TOR-related ErbB3-binding protein 1 (EBP1) in N. benthamiana (NbEBP1). We found four EBP1 orthologs in the N. benthamiana genome. The expression levels of all four EBP1 orthologs in N. benthamiana were up-regulated by the R. solanacearum infection. The silencing of the four NbEBP1 orthologs suppressed the induction of HR cell death, hin1 expression, and the production of reactive oxygen species. These results suggest that the TOR signaling pathway helps regulate HR cell death along with reactive oxygen species-related signaling in N. benthamiana.