- 著者
- Tsuyoshi Sekizuka Kentaro Itokawa Masumichi Saito Michitsugu Shimatani Shutoku Matsuyama Hideki Hasegawa Tomoya Saito Makoto Kuroda
- 出版者
- National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Japanese Journal of Infectious Diseases Editorial Committee
- 雑誌
- Japanese Journal of Infectious Diseases (ISSN:13446304)
- 巻号頁・発行日
- pp.JJID.2021.844, (Released:2022-02-28)
- 参考文献数
- 12
- 被引用文献数
- 22
Prominent genomic recombination has been observed between the Delta and Alpha variants of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) isolated from clinical specimens in Japan. Interestingly, the recombination variant detected in this study carries a spike protein identical to the one in the domestic Delta variant, thereby suggesting that further risks would not be concerned with infectivity and immune escape. The recombinant has been classified as XC lineage in the PANGOLIN database. It is necessary to intensively study such marked genetic variations and characterize the emerging variants after careful verification of their lineage and clade assignment.
- 著者
- Noriyuki Nakatsu Yoshinobu Igarashi Taiki Aoshi Isao Hamaguchi Masumichi Saito Takuo Mizukami Haruka Momose Ken J. Ishii Hiroshi Yamada
- 出版者
- The Japanese Society of Toxicology
- 雑誌
- The Journal of Toxicological Sciences (ISSN:03881350)
- 巻号頁・発行日
- vol.42, no.4, pp.491-497, 2017-08-01 (Released:2017-07-13)
- 参考文献数
- 28
- 被引用文献数
- 7 15
Diethyl ether (ether) had been widely used in Japan for anesthesia, despite its explosive properties and toxicity to both humans and animals. We also had used ether as an anesthetic for euthanizing rats for research in the Toxicogenomics Project (TGP). Because the use of ether for these purposes will likely cease, it is required to select an alternative anesthetic which is validated for consistency with existing TGP data acquired under ether anesthesia. We therefore compared two alternative anesthetic candidates, isoflurane and pentobarbital, with ether in terms of hematological findings, serum biochemical parameters, and gene expressions. As a result, few differences among the three agents were observed. In hematological and serum biochemistry analysis, no significant changes were found. In gene expression analysis, four known genes were extracted as differentially expressed genes in the liver of rats anesthetized with ether, isoflurane, or pentobarbital. However, no significant relationships were detected using gene ontology, pathway, or gene enrichment analyses by DAVID and TargetMine. Surprisingly, although it was expected that the lung would be affected by administration via inhalation, only one differentially expressed gene was extracted in the lung. Taken together, our data indicate that there are no significant differences among ether, isoflurane, and pentobarbital with respect to effects on hematological parameters, serum biochemistry parameters, and gene expression. Based on its smallest affect to existing data and its safety profile for humans and animals, we suggest isoflurane as a suitable alternative anesthetic for use in rat euthanasia in toxicogenomics analysis.