著者

Ryuichiro Oshima Kenji J. Tsuchiya Norio Mori Nori Takei

出版者

Japan Brain Science society

雑誌

脳科学誌 (ISSN:13415301)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.46, pp.34-54, 2016 (Released:2017-05-09)

参考文献数

35

著者

Masamitsu Ikuma Yasuomi Ouchi Kyoko Nakaizumi Masamichi Yokokura Kiyokazu Takebayashi Katsuaki Suzuki Norio Mori

出版者

Japan Brain Science society

雑誌

脳科学誌 (ISSN:13415301)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.46, pp.55-69, 2016 (Released:2017-05-09)

参考文献数

38

著者

Atsumi Hiramoto Shu Takagai Kenji J Tsuchiya Katsuaki Suzuki Masatsugu Tsujii Norio Mori

出版者

Japan Brain Science society

雑誌

脳科学誌 (ISSN:13415301)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.43, pp.5-23, 2014-05-30 (Released:2017-06-01)

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Background: Behaviors in infants may predict not only current developmental status but also later neurodevelopmental outcomes. Sucking is one of the earliest observable behaviors in infants. This study aimed to determine whether abnormal sucking behaviors in infants can predict the developmental outcome at 18 months or 3 years of age. Methods: A questionnaire asking abnormal sucking behaviors was used to survey mothers of children who visited one of 4 health centers for the routine 18-month- or 3-year-old health check-up in Japan. At the check-up, children were assessed by public health nurses whether he or she passed for age-appropriate developmental milestones. Results: A total of 472 responses were analyzed. The children were grouped into two groups according to the assessment by public health nurses: in 18-month-old children, 198 were typically developed (TD) and 52 were suspicious of developmental delay (DD); for 3-years-old, 164 were TD and 58 were DD. We found a significant difference in the rate of the lack of smooth suck and rest pattern between TD and DD groups across the two age populations. After controlling provable confounding factors, a logistic regression analysis showed significant association between the developmental delay and lack of smooth suck and rest pattern (P=0.004). Conclusion: The result suggests that the abnormality in suck and rest pattern of sucking in infants might be a predictor of developmental delay at 18-month- and 3-year-old of ages.

著者

Bolin Chen Norio Mori

出版者

Japan Brain Science society

雑誌

脳科学誌 (ISSN:13415301)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.43, pp.43-49, 2014-05-30 (Released:2017-06-01)

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Neural stem cells(NSCs) are a kind of cells, which come from nerve tissue with self-renewal and potentials of multiple differentiations. Applications of NSCs for therapy of neurological conditions, such as Parkinson's disease, Alzheimer's disease, or stroke, are particularly appealing as damage of the central nervous system is irreversible and the efficacy of conventional therapy is limited. With the development of molecular imaging, tracking and detection of transplanted NSCs have become a breakthrough of recent studies. Recent studies have focused on the application of functional magnetic resonance imaging(fMRI) to trace and detect NSCs. This article will discuss the application of fMRI on the tracking and detection of NSCs after transplantation.

著者

Yi Sun Jialai Zhu Norio Mori

出版者

Japan Brain Science society

雑誌

脳科学誌 (ISSN:13415301)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.43, pp.50-57, 2014-05-30 (Released:2017-06-01)

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In recent years, small animal PET-CT, as a biomedical research technology, is widely used on the animal model research. High-resolution animal PET scanner has been developed that can provide accurate rates of cerebral glucose metabolism in conscious rats. This paper mainly discusses brain metabolic changes induced by radiation injury in according to glucose metabolism study in brain and the development of small animal PET

著者

Norihiro Sakurai Kenji J. Tsuchiya Katsuaki Suzuki Manabu Wakuta Nori Takei Norio Mori

出版者

Japan Brain Science society

雑誌

脳科学誌 (ISSN:13415301)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.40, pp.28-53, 2013-03-30 (Released:2017-06-01)

参考文献数

30

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Background: Studies have suggested that failure to detect behavioural problems at a young age will directly result in more incidents of problem behaviour as well as serious behavioural problems after school age. Therefore, the early detection of such problems is crucial to prevent difficulties after adolescence. Researchers have attempted to evaluate the proportion of children with behavioural problems based on parent and teacher ratings, although discrepancies between the two sets of ratings have been noted. This study aimed to quantify the discrepancy in ratings between parents and teachers of children regarded as having behavioural problems, and to explore explanatory variables associated with the quantified discrepancy. Methods: The Strength and Difficulty Questionnaire (SDQ) for evaluating child behaviours was completed by parents and teachers of second graders (N=798) in elementary schools recruited by community-based sampling. Among the questionnaires collected, scores for 219 children with behavioural problems, defined as those whose parent or teacher scores were ≥13 points on the SDQ, were analysed. Mean difference in score (discrepancy score) between the parent and the teacher of each participating child was tested, and then the discrepancy score was linearly regressed onto potential explanatory variables. Results: Mean parent rating was significantly higher than mean teacher rating for both boys and girls. For boys with an assigned assistant and with a mother of older age, the discrepancy score was significant; that is, parents gave a lower score (fewer problems) than teachers. In the case of girls, the discrepancy score was significant for those with poor parental attachment; that is, parents gave a higher score (more problems) than teachers. Conclusion: In studies using the SDQ with elementary school students, the relationship of explanatory variables with discrepancy score needs to be taken into consideration and, on this basis, parent and teacher evaluations should be carefully interpreted

著者

Yosuke Kameno Katsuaki Suzuki Tomoyasu Wakuda Kiyokazu Takebayashi Keiko Iwata Kenji J. Tsuchiya Hideo Matsuzaki Shu Takagai Yasuhide Iwata Kazuhiko Nakamura Norio Mori

出版者

Japan Brain Science society

雑誌

脳科学誌 (ISSN:13415301)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.36, pp.32-45, 2011-03-30 (Released:2017-06-01)

参考文献数

32

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Leukemia inhibitory factor-receptor (LIFR) is known to play a major role in neurogenesis promotions and stem cell self-renewal via binding to their ligands, leukemia inhibitory factor (LIF) and ciliary neurotrophic factor (CNTF). We hypothesized that LIFR may also play a role in the pathogenesis of schizophrenia. To test this, we performed clinical and animal studies. First, we measured the mRNA levels of LIFR, LIF and CNTF in peripheral lymphocytes from drug-naive patients with schizophrenia (n=22) and from age-and gender- matched healthy controls (n=44) using quantitative real-time RT-PCR. Levels of LIFR mRNA in patients with schizophrenia were significantly lower than those of controls. Expression of LIF mRNA was below the detectable level in both patients and controls. Levels of CNTF mRNA were similar between patients and controls. Second, we evaluated behavioral features in heterozygous LIFR knockout (LIFR^<+/->) mice, in which adult neurogenesis is known to be altered. Interestingly, LIFR^<+/-> mice showed dopaminergic hypersensitivity, which was shown by exacerbated methamphetamine-induced hyperlocomotion, compared to wildtype mice. These findings appear to support our hypothesis and suggest that LIFR may play a role in dopaminergic hypersensitivity.

著者

Yasuhide Iwata Shigeyuki Yamamoto Ikuo Tooyama Shu Takagai Kiyokazu Takebayashi Norio Mori

出版者

Japan Brain Science society

雑誌

脳科学誌 (ISSN:13415301)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.37, pp.16-27, 2011 (Released:2017-06-01)

参考文献数

31

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The numbers of brain tumors survivors who receive whole-brain irradiation (WBI) develop progressive cognitive dysfunction. WBI-induced decrease in neurogenesis in hippocampus is involved in the delayed cognitive impairment. Considerable data suggests that the continuous suppression of neurogenesis may be due to the activated microglia. To clarify the mechanisms of the radiation-induced deficits in cognitive function, we studied an early response of the hippocampal proliferating cells to the WBI. Adult cynomolgus monkeys received fractionated WBI with the total dose of 15Gy and 30Gy. The animals were administrated with BrdU to label proliferating cells five days after the WBI and sacrificed on the next day. The density of proliferating cells in the hippocampus was significantly increased (ANOVA, F=23, df=2, 9, p=0.0003). Comparing to the sham-irradiation, proliferation were elevated by 6.3 and 12.6 times with 15Gy and 30Gy, respectively. However, there is no BrdU (+) cells co-labeled with Iba1, which is a marker of microglia. The radiation-induced cell proliferation in the hippocampus may play a contributory role in the pathogenesis of late delayed cognitive dysfunction after the WBI.