著者

Seiichi Shinji Takeshi Yamada Akihisa Matsuda Hiromichi Sonoda Ryo Ohta Takuma Iwai Koki Takeda Kazuhide Yonaga Yuka Masuda Hiroshi Yoshida

出版者

The Medical Association of Nippon Medical School

雑誌

Journal of Nippon Medical School (ISSN:13454676)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.89, no.3, pp.246-254, 2022-06-25 (Released:2022-06-28)

参考文献数

80

被引用文献数

56

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Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the third most common cancer worldwide, and surgical treatment remains the first-line treatment to provide a cure. In addition to the aging population, obesity, low physical activity, and smoking habits increase CRC risk. Despite advances in surgical techniques, chemotherapy, and radiotherapy, colorectal cancer remains the second leading cause of cancer-related deaths worldwide. For early-stage CRC, endoscopic treatment, including endoscopic mucosal resection and endoscopic submucosal dissection, has been performed. However, lymph node dissection is an integral part of surgical treatment for advanced-stage cancer because of the high incidence of lymph node metastasis. Conventional open surgery has evolved into laparoscopic and robotic surgery. Although prospective studies have confirmed the safety and feasibility of laparoscopic surgery for CRC, relevant treatment models of transverse colon cancer and rectal cancer still need to be further explored and validated. Furthermore, multidisciplinary treatment is needed to cure CRC completely. This review aimed to provide an update on recent advances in the surgical treatment of CRC.

著者

Sukanya JAROENPORN Kentaro NAGAOKA Chizuru KASAHARA Ryo OHTA Gen WATANABE Kazuyoshi TAYA

出版者

The Japan Endocrine Society

雑誌

Endocrine Journal (ISSN:09188959)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.54, no.5, pp.703-711, 2007 (Released:2007-12-19)

参考文献数

58

被引用文献数

36 37

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The present study characterized the different hormonal responses to stress in the endocrine milieu with different circulating levels of prolactin (PRL) and examined the direct effects of PRL on adrenal steroidogenic responses to adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) using experimentally induced hyperprolactinemia and hypoprolactinemia male rat models. Hyperprolactinemia was induced by transplantation of two adult female rat anterior pituitary glands under the kidney capsule for 2 weeks, and hypoprolactinemia was induced by daily subcutaneous injection of 2-Bromo-alpha-Ergocryptine (CB-154) for 2 weeks. Under stress conditions, the peak levels of ACTH were significantly higher in hypoprolactinemia than normal rats. Meanwhile, the peak levels of corticosterone and progesterone were significantly higher in hyperprolactinemia than in normal and hypoprolactinemia stressed rats. Results of in vitro experiments showed that adrenocortical cells in hyperprolactinemia exhibited higher basal levels of corticosterone and progesterone rats than normal and hypoprolactinemia rats. The stimulatory effect of ACTH on corticosterone and progesterone release was higher in hyperprolactinemia than hypoprolactinemia rats. In addition, PRL increased the stimulatory effect of ACTH-induced corticosterone secretion in all rat models. These results suggest that hypoprolactinemia and hyperprolactinemia rats exhibit marked differences in the response of their hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis during acute restrain stress. Additionally, these studies emphasize that the adrenal cortex might be more sensitive to ACTH stimulation in endocrine milieu with high levels of PRL resulting in high corticosterone and progesterone release.