著者

Shinji YAMAGUCHI Yujiro KAWATA Miyuki NAKAMURA Yuka MUROFUSHI Masataka HIROSAWA Nobuto SHIBATA

出版者

The Japan Association of Applied Psychology

雑誌

応用心理学研究 (ISSN:03874605)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.46, no.2, pp.158-166, 2020-11-30 (Released:2021-02-28)

参考文献数

22

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Although the original Athletic Hardiness Scale (AHS) has been used to measure hardiness among university athletes in Japan, some psychometric problems have been identified with this scale. Thus, the purpose of this study was to revise the AHS for Japanese university athletes and to examine differences in hardiness according to gender and competitive role. The participants were 511 Japanese university athletes (305 men; 206 women; mean age 19.9 years, SD = 1.21). The measures consisted of socio-demographic questions, the revised AHS questionnaire for Japanese university athletes (RAHS), and the Self-rating Depression Scale. An exploratory factor analysis of the RAHS revealed a 12-item, three-factor model. We labeled the factors as "commitment," "challenge," and "control." Cronbach's α coefficients ranged from.75 to.84. A confirmatory factor analysis indicated acceptable structural validity of the RAHS. Men reported higher hardiness scores than women, and a negative correlation between hardiness and depressive symptoms was confirmed. The RAHS showed satisfactory reliability and validity, and it may be useful for understanding hardiness among university athletes.

著者

Fumiko Kihara-Negishi Naoki Ohkura Yuka Takahashi Toshiyuki Fujita Yasuhiro Nakamura Keiji Maruyama Tetsuta Oshitari Shinji Yamaguchi

出版者

The Pharmaceutical Society of Japan

雑誌

Biological and Pharmaceutical Bulletin (ISSN:09186158)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.45, no.4, pp.528-533, 2022-04-01 (Released:2022-04-01)

参考文献数

40

被引用文献数

4

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Brown adipose tissue (BAT) specifically regulates energy expenditure via heat production. Nobiletin (NOB), a natural polymethoxylated flavone present in citrus fruits, can activate thermogenesis in the BAT of high-fat diet-induced obese mice. The activity of BAT is directly regulated by β-adrenergic stimulation. In this study, we report the effects of NOB on BAT activation using β-adrenergic agonists. We observed that when HB2 brown adipocyte cell lines are stimulated with β-adrenergic agonists, NOB enhances the expression of uncoupling protein 1 (UCP1), which is associated with the mitochondrial energy metabolism in these cells. Moreover, NOB increases the mRNA expression of the brown adipokines neuregulin-4 (Nrg4) and fibroblast growth factor-21 (FGF-21) and the secretion of FGF-21. These results suggest that NOB can enhance the thermogenic functions of brown adipocytes and promote brown adipokine secretion due to enhanced β-adrenergic stimulation. In addition, 3′-demethyl nobiletin (3′-DMN), an NOB CYP-enzyme metabolite, can increase UCP1 mRNA expression. Both NOB and 3′-DMN significantly promoted mitochondrial membrane potential in HB2 adipocytes following β-adrenergic stimulation. Therefore, we believe that NOB could be a promising candidate for activating BAT under β-adrenergic stimulation and preventing the onset of obesity.