- 著者
- Yutaka Uyeno Suguru Shigemori Takeshi Shimosato
- 出版者
- Japanese Society of Microbial Ecology / Japanese Society of Soil Microbiology / Taiwan Society of Microbial Ecology / Japanese Society of Plant Microbe Interactions / Japanese Society for Extremophiles
- 雑誌
- Microbes and Environments (ISSN:13426311)
- 巻号頁・発行日
- vol.30, no.2, pp.126-132, 2015 (Released:2015-06-19)
- 参考文献数
- 84
- 被引用文献数
- 191 259
Probiotics/prebiotics have the ability to modulate the balance and activities of the gastrointestinal (GI) microbiota, and are, thus, considered beneficial to the host animal and have been used as functional foods. Numerous factors, such as dietary and management constraints, have been shown to markedly affect the structure and activities of gut microbial communities in livestock animals. Previous studies reported the potential of probiotics and prebiotics in animal nutrition; however, their efficacies often vary and are inconsistent, possibly, in part, because the dynamics of the GI community have not been taken into consideration. Under stressed conditions, direct-fed microbials may be used to reduce the risk or severity of scours caused by disruption of the normal intestinal environment. The observable benefits of prebiotics may also be minimal in generally healthy calves, in which the microbial community is relatively stable. However, probiotic yeast strains have been administered with the aim of improving rumen fermentation efficiency by modulating microbial fermentation pathways. This review mainly focused on the benefits of probiotics/prebiotics on the GI microbial ecosystem in ruminants, which is deeply involved in nutrition and health for the animal.
- 著者
- Haruki Kitazawa Takeshi Shimosato Masanori Tohno Tadao Saito
- 出版者
- Japan Society for Lactic Acid Bacteria
- 雑誌
- 日本乳酸菌学会誌 (ISSN:1343327X)
- 巻号頁・発行日
- vol.16, no.1, pp.11-20, 2005-06-01 (Released:2012-09-24)
- 参考文献数
- 61
- 被引用文献数
- 5 6
Many works on the biological functions of dairy lactic acid bacteria (LAB) have contributed to the application of LAB in functional foods and supplements in the global market. More recently, the new term “immunobiotics”, has been proposed to identify probiotic bacteria that promote health through activation of intestinal immunity from those with strictly local immunity, and expected for an appropriate evolutionary development. We have studied specific effector molecules and their receptor targets. Recently, we found that immunostimulatory AT oligonucleotide (AT-ODN), but not CpG ODN, from Lactobacillus gasseri JCM 1131T triggered. immune responses via Toll-like receptor 9 (TLR9), which has been identified as a particular receptor for bacterial DNA containing the specific sequence pattern of unmethylated CpG dinucleotide. Through the discovery of TLR9, possible molecular mechanisms in immune responses through bacterial DNA have been rapidly revealed in mice. Recently, we found that ATODN from Lactobacillus gasseri, possibly induces immunoactivation in Peyer's patches (Pps)via TLR9. We demonstrated that TLR9 is a receptor for not only CpG but also for non-CpG AT ODN as a result of the induction of nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) activation by gene reporter assay. This review describes our recent study on the immunostimulatory activity of LAB via TLRs, especially TLR 9 and 2 and discuss future trends in the development of “Immunobiotic Foods” through intestinal immunoregulation mediated by “Immunobiotic” LAB via TLRs.