著者

Toshi WATANABE Yoshihiro KISHIKAWA Wataru SHIRAI

出版者

The Japanese Society of Toxicology

雑誌

The Journal of Toxicological Sciences (ISSN:03881350)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.22, no.2, pp.141-152, 1997-05-25 (Released:2008-02-21)

参考文献数

17

被引用文献数

11 12

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Alkaline ionized water (AKW) produced by the electrolysis of tap water (TPW) was given to pregnant rats throughout gestation. AKW was subsequently given to infants as a test group until 15 weeks old to determine changes in body and organ weights, erythrocyte hexokinase (HK) activity and histological preparations of myocardiac muscle. The results were compared with those for rats given TPW. Body weight of male and female rats given AKW at 3 to 11 weeks of age after birth significantly increased beyond control group values. Organ weights of offspring at 15weeks-old showed no statistical difference for either group. HK activity, the rate-determining enzyme in erythrocyte glycolysis, significantly increased in males given AKW at 15 weeks-old. This suggests that AKW intake causes elevation of metabolic activity. Hyperkalemia was observed in males and females given AKW at 15 weeks-old. Especially in males, pathological changes of necrosis in myocardiac muscle were observed.

著者

Toshi WATANABE

出版者

The Japanese Society of Toxicology

雑誌

The Journal of Toxicological Sciences (ISSN:03881350)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.20, no.2, pp.135-142, 1995-05-25 (Released:2008-02-21)

参考文献数

8

被引用文献数

8 13

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Alkaline ionized water (AKW) produced by electrolysis was given to gestational and lactational rats, and its effect on dams, growth of fetuses and offsprings were investigated. The results showed that the intake of food and water in dams increased significantly when AKW was given from the latter half of the gestation period and from the former half of the lactation period. Body weight of the offsprings in the test group, both males and females, increased significantly from the latter half of the lactation period. During the lactation period and after weaning, the offsprings in the test group showed significantly hastened appearance of abdominal hair, eruption of upper incisors, opening of eyelids and other postnatal morphological developments both in males and females, as well as earlier separation of auricle and descent of testes in males compared with the control was noted. As mentioned above, it was suggested from the observations conducted that the AKW has substantial biological effects on postnatal growth, since intake of food and water and body weight of the offsprings increased and postnatal morphological development was also accelerated.

著者

Toshi WATANABE

出版者

JAPANESE SOCIETY OF VETERINARY SCIENCE

雑誌

Journal of Veterinary Medical Science (ISSN:09167250)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.65, no.5, pp.557-562, 2003 (Released:2003-06-06)

参考文献数

19

被引用文献数

3 2

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The development of sucking pressure was investigated with an artificial nipple in 16 male and female rat pups on postnatal days 4, 7, 10, 14, and 18. The rat pups refused to suck on the artificial nipple on postnatal day 14 or day 18 thus negative sucking pressure had to be calculated by regression analysis. As a result, the mean maximum intra-oral negative sucking pressure on day 18 was calculated to be -160.1 mmHg in the male and -103.4 mmHg in the female. Based on these results, the maximum level of negative pressure of the automated experimental rat milker was set at -160 mmHg. The automated experimental milker for rat is able to collect milk from lactating mothers by alternating negative and atmospheric pressures through two solenoid valves and a vacuum pump attached to a microcomputer. Mother rats were milked with the automated experimental milker on postpartum days 4, 7, 10, 14 and 18 of a single lactation period. The maximum mean milk yield with this machine was 3.18 ± 1.37 g, obtained on day 14 of the lactation period. This quantity is considerably lower than previously reported values obtained by measuring differences in body weight of the offspring and mother rat before and after suckling. It is necessary to further optimize this system, but the milk yield in the present study is adequate for chemical analysis.